Sexual Offenders Registration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual Offenders Registration - Essay Example Registering sexual offenders is similar to indication that they are not welcomed back to society even after serving their sentences. Registering sexual offenders with local authorities amounts to interference with their personal freedoms. Sexual offenders should not be registered with local authorities. Sexual offenders should not be registered with local communities after they serve their sentences whether in prison, juvenile centers or probation centers. When sexual offenders are served with sentences, it means that the justice system has given a ruling that is just both to the offender and the person that was offended. Therefore, when the offender serves his or her sentence and comes back to society, the local authorities should not register them because this is a way of indicating that the sentences they served is not enough and that they have not paid for they did the way they should (Meiners 32). The system of registering sexual offenders is approved because it is seen as one w ay that will prevent sexual offenders from repeating the mistake they did because the local authorities will be able to monitor them. However, this is a wrong assumption because when a sexual offender is sentenced, he or she serves the sentence term while undergoing rehabilitation and treatment where he or she learns that a mistake was done and should never be repeated again. Therefore, rehabilitation and treatment programs are enough because if they offer the right treatment and rehabilitation, then the offender should be able to rehabilitate and live a normal life in the society. Therefore, the need to register them becomes unnecessary. Moreover, in case treatment and rehabilitation programs fail, then registering them for the reason of monitoring will not work in any way. This is because registering a sexual offender does not mean that he or she will be followed anywhere he or she goes or anything they do every time. Therefore, when sexual offenders are served with sentences, whi ch they serve, registration with local authorities is not helpful because the justice programs remain with their records (Levenson, et al. 138). Registering sexual offenders is similar to indication that they are not welcomed back to society even after serving their sentences. Each person does a mistake at a certain point in his or her lives whether it is seen as a serious mistake or a minor one or whether a person knows it or not. However, for people to coexist peacefully in society, forgiveness must exist where people forgive each other for the mistakes they do at one point. Without this, the society will be a place of commotions where people cannot live peacefully. Thus, registering sexual offenders with local authorities amounts to stating that the sexual offenders are not forgiven and they are not welcomed back in society. The justice system has a role in the society to provide justice for everyone irrespective of whether one is an offender or the offended person. When the just ice system serves a sentence to sexual offenders, this should be enough for the sexual offenders to serve their sentence, undergo through rehabilitation and treatment and integrate with the society without difficulty. Registering offenders makes them feel unwanted in the society because of a mistake they may have done knowingly or unknowingly. In fact, registering offenders is like putting those who were sentenced wrongly, those who actually did it knowingly, and others unknowingly

Romantic Poetry Essay Example for Free

Romantic Poetry Essay Romanticism was an artistic movement that originated in the late 18th century. It helped people express strong emotions and rebel against the industrial revolution in Britain. This caused poor living conditions and unhappiness among the people at the time. People therefore, looked to nature for beauty and improvement in society. Another factor that contributed to the development of this movement was the French Revolution, which celebrated individualism and freedom of expression. Romantic poetry was concerned with ordinary people in everyday locations, therefore the majority of society could relate to it. It focused on imagination, and relates to the Power of God, and philosophy. The poets were able to catch a moment in time and elaborate on it with imaginative words and phrases. Of the several poems I have studied, the two Romantic poems I have chosen to represent a typical Romantic style are, The Daffodils by William Wordsworth and I am by John Clare. Firstly, I will look at the titles of the poems. In both poems the writer has used a simple title, indicating directly what the poem is about. This enables a larger audience to be engaged to the poem, as less literate people could find the title easier to understand. Both poems are mostly similar because of their links to the Romantic genre, in their theme and style although still continue to have an individual account. William Wordsworth and John Clare both focus on their emotions and solitude, John Clare, And een the dearest-that I loved the best-Are strange-nay, rather stranger than the rest and William Wordsworth, I wandered lonely as a cloud. The theme of William Wordsworths The Daffodils focuses on nature and his recognition of a moment in time. He uses the Power of imagination and memories to project his thoughts onto paper through poetry, we see this in his language and mood. His theme is as a result, cheerful and full of life. He also celebrates the beauty of nature and what man can gain from it. The theme of John Clares I am focuses on himself and memories of past deeds. He takes another perspective on the typical Romantic poetry theme, he talks of, nothingness of scorn and noise, and a memory lost. he creates a sad, lonely tone with this. The mood is therefore different to The Daffodils as I get the impression that Clare is talking about the oppression at the time of its writing. The first two stanzas describe his lonely and depressed situation. He describes that even in a world surrounded by people, he still feels isolated and alone, as if he hates the world he lives in and wishes for something uncontaminated by mans corruption, I long for scenes where man has never trod. He uses words such as oblivious and oblivion to describe the emptiness he feels. I will now look at the language and style of the two poems. Both poems have simple language, which as the titles accomplish, make the poem more available to a less literate lower class reader. The rhyme schemes are regular throughout the poems, The Daffodils, ABABCC and I am, ABABBB. The punctuation is also similar, as they both create a slow pace by using a small amount of punctuation. The Daffodils has eight syllables in each line, whereas I am does not have a precise amount. The Daffodils uses similes, as a cloud and as the stars that shine. by using these he enables the reader to compare what he sees to something they see. In his language he uses onomatopoeia, such as fluttering and twinkle, this enables the reader to almost hear the sounds as they are reading the words. He also uses personification; this makes the flowers seem to be. He also uses words such as, jocund company and continuous as the stars that shine. This relates to his everlasting memory of these beautiful daffodils that no one can take away from him. The two poems have different structures; The Daffodils has four sestet stanzas and I am has three sestet stanzas, John Clare uses enjambment, making the first and second verse flow into each other. In his last stanza he wishes to go to an untouched place, were man has never trod. He wishes for beauty and tranquillity not for what he sees in the world at that moment in time. He uses a metaphor, But the vast shipwreck of my lifes, this lets the reader picture how troubled he is in this world and wishes for a better place.

Feminine Psyche in The Odyssey Essay -- The Odyssey Feminine Psyche Es

Feminine Psyche in The Odyssey The Odyssey has much to teach us about the feminine psyche. The feminine psyche is the way that the female mind and soul react to and process situations. Females are generally faithful, giving, and respectful to their mates. We have an insight into the feminine psyche in several things that Penelope does. The weaving and unweaving of the shroud and the test of the bed are two examples of the way Penelope thinks. She does what is thought to be her duty to her husband to resist the suitors and remain faithful and loyal to her husband. Homer reveals the feminine psyche in Penelope, a loving and faithful wife to Odysseus. She was loyal to Odysseus the entire time he was away on his journey, and even when it appeared that he would not return she still had faith that he would. Penelope resisted the advances of the suitors because she loved Odysseus and could not see herself with another when he could still be alive. She was smart and cunning when it came to resisting the suitors. Penelope shows us an insight to the feminine psyche when we learn she has avoided having to choose a new husband by telling the suitors she would choose a one of them once she finished the shroud she was weaving for Odysseus’ father. Penelope worked all day on the shroud and would unravel the weaving by candlelight at night while the suitors slept. This shows her dedication to Odysseus and that she does not want to tell the suitors no and be disrespectful to her ...

How is Lady Macbeth presented by Shakespeare? Essay

How is Lady Macbeth presented by Shakespeare? In what ways does she change through the course of the play, and how does this affect the audience’s response? Introduction Macbeth is a Scottish play written by William Shakespeare between 1603 and 1606 and the links between King James and this tragedy are evident. The themes presented in this play are ambition, desire, and succession to the thrown, loyalty, order and greed. I will be analysing how Shakespeare portrays and presents Lady Macbeth through different stages and events in the play. Para 1 The audience first meets Lady Macbeth in Act 1 scene 5. She is reading Macbeth’s letter alone. After reading the letter she displays her thoughts about Macbeth becoming the king. The audience is instantly shown that Lady Macbeth is ambitious, as the first words she utters are, â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be† This shows that she believes that Macbeth will be the thane of Cawdor. However, she describes Macbeth’s flaws as well as his qualities in negative and positive images, † †¦I do fear thy nature, It is too full o’th’milk of human kindness.† Lady Macbeth is saying that Macbeth’s kindness to others is a weakness in his nature and character. Also, that it may adversely affect him becoming the king as he is not ruthless. She says that this ruthlessness ‘illness’ that Macbeth doesn’t have, saying Macbeth will take any opportunity that comes his way, but he only wants to win his honours honestly. He wants to be king even though the throne is not his by right, but he will not play falsely. Lady Macbeth decides that she will have to help him to find the necessary determination. The audience can see that Lady Macbeth is domineering and ambitious. We learn that Macbeth’s wife is ‘his dearest partner of greatness’. This salutation may suggest that he looks toward her for help as she possesses a power and supremacy that he sees. She has power over him and he obeys her. However, they do love each other as is shown=== Q The captain describes Macbeth as brave and determined as is described earlier in the play, ‘For brave Macbeth (well deserves that name †¦which smoked with bloody execution.† The captain praises Macbeth’s savagery in battles because it has preserved the rightful king and has shown Macbeth to be loyal. Lady Macbeth also agrees that her husband is determined and loyal when she says, ‘woulds’t not play false’ (p.35, line 20) However, she believes that he is to weak and kind and would not kill to get his way. Para 2 In this soliloquy in act 1 scene 5. A messenger comes to tell Lady Macbeth that King Duncan will arrive that night. Lady Macbeth is excited, seeing this as the perfect opportunity to make Macbeth king. She calls the spirits of darkness to take away her natural womanliness and to fill her instead with the worst of bitterness, wickedness and cruelty so that she can help Macbeth commit this act. She does not want any natural feelings of regret or conscience to get in the way of what she intends. â€Å"Come, you spirits†¦ †¦unsex me here And fill me from the crown to the toe topfull Of direst cruelty.† Like Macbeth she asks the powers of darkness to hide her thoughts so that not even the forces the forces of heaven can see through the ‘blanket of the dark’. So the true nature is concealed. A 17th century audience could find this disturbing as she is subverting the qualities and features of a typical woman. Lady Macbeth would’ve been played by a man, therefore, this speech would become more convincing and realistic. Women in the 17th were usually stereotyped as motherly, meek and complacent towards their husbands. Whereas, Lady Macbeth is an atypical woman who commands her husband. The similarities that we can draw from Lady Macbeth and the witches are uncovered when Lady Macbeth uses the word ‘raven’ as the whiches also use animals such as a cat and a frog. Para 3 At the beginning of the scene (act 1 scene 7) Macbeth informs the audience about his doubts and fears which taunt him. Macbeth convinces himself not to murder Duncan by giving three reasons, â€Å"First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed.† Macbeth is stating that he is a loyal subject to King Duncan. He also says, â€Å"Then, as his host, Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself.† He is saying that he should be protecting the king rather than trying to kill him. Lastly, Macbeth adds, â€Å"Besides, this Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been So clear in his great office, that his virtues Will plead like angels.† Macbeth’s conscience is very persuasive. He tells himself that Duncan’s goodness and kindness is such that his murder would provoke tremendous outcry. Images of heaven and hell are linked†¦ Para 4 At the beginning of Act 2 scene 2 the audience can sense that Lady Macbeth waits anxiously for Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is very nervous and agitated, â€Å"Alack! I am afraid they have awaked, And tis not done: Th’attempt and not the deed Comforms us.† This tells us that she is very panicky and doesn’t want to get caught, if she does get caught her life being a queen will be ruined. When Macbeth arrives Lady Macbeth is very happy and knows that the deed, â€Å"my husband!† she says. The murder is over and Lady Macbeth is relieved but Macbeth’s got a feeling he might get caught. Macbeth won’t take back the daggers because he is so ashamed that he has done the murder and he can’t say, â€Å"Amen.† All this happens because Lady Macbeth ignores the rules of humanity and organised society, pursuing her own ruthless motives. However, repeatedly Lady Macbeth gives the appearance of being in control but she was unable to kill the king herself, claiming he looked too much like her father, † Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done’t.† This feeling of guilt is a glimpse of a more human side revealed to the audience. She, too, seems to realise the wrongness of the murder. Not much later she advises her husband, â€Å"These deeds must not be thought, After these ways: so, it will make us mad.† Both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s character is different in this scene. At the start of the scene Lady Macbeth is nervous and doesn’t want to do the murder, but Macbeth is confident and does the murder. After the murder Macbeth is scared and is in a trance of what he has done. Lady Macbeth has calmed down and regained her self-composure. Para 5 During the banquet in Act 3 scene 4, Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo sitting in his place. Lady Macbeth reacts to Macbeth by quietly accusing her husband of being a coward, as she did at the time of Duncan’s murder, â€Å"Are you a man?† (p.63). Lady Macbeth tries to attack his masculinity and state of mind by questioning it, â€Å"Why do you make such faces? When all’s done, You look but on a stool.†(p.63) She is trying to convince Macbeth that there is nothing there. Lady Macbeth says all he needs is sleep, but this is ironic, as Macbeth has ‘murdered sleep’ and Banquo has risen from his ‘sleep’. Lady Macbeth is trying to cover up for her husband’s behaviour. This behaviour is making Lady Macbeth more insecure and anxious even though she taunts Macbeth, this time she is weary. In contrast to her powerful speeches at the end of act 1, here she only suggests that he needs sleep. Once the ghost has vanished Macbeth expresses, â€Å"I am a man again.†(p.65) Lady Macbeth then utters, â€Å"You have displaced the mirth, broke the good meeting, With most admired disorder.† (p.65) The greater part of the play is devoted to this part. He is king. We see Macbeth in action, others comment on his reign of terror. Macbeth is king but he wants to be safe king where he has nothing to fear and he fears Banquo a lot because he is the only one that has seen and heard the witches tell Macbeth the prophecies: – â€Å"To be thus is nothing, But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep, and in his royal nature Reigns that which would be feared.† Macbeth’s tells the murderers that they were treated badly by Banquo and this is the time to kill him, but Macbeth doesn’t want to get involved in the murder. He wants the murderers to get the blame. The murderers do whatever they are commanded: – â€Å"We shall my lord, Perform what you command us, Though our lives.† This is a sign that being King Macbeth means getting so much respect. In comparison from the moment he is crowned king. Macbeth executes a reign of terror that has already started with the killing of Duncan, together with his wife he is ruthless in pursuing his own selfish aims. He organises the death of those whom he se †¦ Macbeth: Lady Macbeth’s Character Lady Macbeth is a controversial figure. She is seen by some as a woman of strong will who is ambitious for herself and who is astute enough to recognise her husband’s strenghts and weaknesses, and ruthless enough to exploit them. They see her in her commitment to evil and in her realisation that the acquisition of the Crown has not brought her the hapipiness she had expected, and finally, as one who breaks down nuder the strain. Others see her as a woman ambitious for her husband whom she loves. She recognises the essential good in him, and feels that, without her, he will never win the Crown. She allies herself with the powers of darkness for his sake, but here inherent(congenital) femininity beraks down under the strain of the unnatural murder of Duncan and the alienation of her husband. She is seen as simple and realistic where Macbeth is complicated and imaginative. She can see what must be done; he visualises the consequence. There is a vast difference between Macduff’s â€Å"O gentle Lady ‘Tis not for you to hear what I can speak The repetition in a woman’s ear Would murder as it fell.† ACT II, Sc.ii and Malcolm’s assessment of her as a â€Å"fiend-like queen† (Act IV, Sc.vii). So we must examine the text. To Macbeth, in his letter to her, she is his â€Å"dearest partner of greatness†, an indication of love and trust. We see her as she analyses his virtues and weaknesses and decides to overcome his scruples, â€Å"hie thee hither That I may pour my spirits at thine ear† Is there any evidence here as to why she wishes him to be king? Overcome By Ambition – When she calls on the powers of evil to unsex her and make her cruel, does this imply that she fears her own womanliness and realises the unnaturalness of the murder of Duncan? Is she, like Macbeth just an ordinary human being overcome with ambition? Does she really lose her womanliness? Do the words(Act I, Sc. ii) â€Å"Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done’t† imply that she is still a woman with a woman’s tendernesss? Does she show herself strong willed and more determined than Macbeth, Act I, Sc.vii, as she argues and demands his agreement to the murder? Is she alloy by exploiting his love for her when she makes his consent to murder a test of his love? Is she being cynical when she inverts logic and reality in asking him if he is afraid to be what he wants to be and in suggesting that to be a true man he must take what he wants? Must she take some of Macbeth’s guilt here? In the murder scene (ActII, Sc.ii) she resorts to wine to give her courage. Does this also show that she has not been filled from top to toe with â€Å"direst cruelty†? She is aware, too, that dwelling on the moral aspect of the murder â€Å"will make us mad†. The Better Criminal? – She seems to be the better criminal; she remembers the details that Macbeth has overlooked, â€Å"Why did you bring these daggers from the place?† and shows her as she brings the daggers back. Does she really despise Macbeth when she argues him of wearing â€Å"a heart so white†? Or is she afraidfor him that he may betray himself? In Act II, Sc.ii, when she calls for help does she do so because of her feminie weakness, or is she afraid that Macduff may question Macbeth further as to his killing of the chamberlains? If the latter, does it again illustrate her quick thinking? Unhappiness – In Act III, Sc.ii, Lady Macbeth is coming to realise that the Crown has not brought happiness, â€Å"Nought’s had, all’s spent, Where our desire is got without content.† Is she suffering from remorse here, or does she think that the murder of Duncan has alienated Macbeth from her? â€Å"How now, my Lord! Why do you keep alone?† Is she worried that he is unhappy? She tries to console him, â€Å"what’s done is done.† and to rally his spirits. She again shows her presence of mind in the Ghost scene when he becomes ‘unmanned’, but then, she does not see the Ghost. She uses the old stragedy of appealing to his manliness, but without success. When the guests have departed she does not upbraid Macbeth, but makes excuses for him that he lacks â€Å"the season of all natures, sleep.† Does this show her gentleness and compassion towards him? Or does she feel that further argument would be useless? The Sleep-Walking Scene – We do not meet her again until this scene. She has now been reduced to a poor, mad creature, broken by events. Our last view of her is her delusion of nearness to Macbeth. Is there a stress on her sense of guilt, her despair and, perhaps still, her determination? Macbeth’s few words about her (Act V,Sc.v) may be uttered in an indifferent tone, or even with a sense of something already lost. In the end, perhaps, we feel guilty for her, but we may still remember what appeared to be hardness and cruelty. +Persuading Macbeth She says that he is acting as if he were drunk when he clothed himself in his hopes to become king. In a powerful speech she explains how far she would ne prepared to go to get what she wanted. Lady Macbeth tells him that if, like him, she had sworn to do something, then, before she would go back on her word, she would ‘pluck her own baby from sucking milk at her nipple and dash its brains out’.

Burlington Norhtern- The Ares Decision Essay

The purpose of management in sectors of an economy and control systems is to achieve goals and objectives of an organization with ease and at least cost. The ultimate purpose of any system is that it should be â€Å"in control† rather than â€Å"controlling people† (Simons 2000). Systems which are in ‘perfect control’ other than controlling them show profound differences between the two concepts and the ability to achieve their goals with ease. Both the internal and external environments impact an organization control structure. There are four paradigms that forms the framework around which the theme of understanding of controls is built (Simons 2000)In the first paradigm is one that enables organization to adapt themselves to their environment knowing what they want and how to achieve it with ease,. When an organization decides what they want, the process is referred to as part of control system. The process would either be based towards centralization or decentralization. Purpose would be, to effectively adapt to the changing environment. When an organization is able to identify and discover the best strategies and instruments of control, it is headed towards success. (pp 2) The second paradigm of the control system comprehensively covers the activities and behavior of top management levels of the organization (described as management controls), process (operational control) and task or transactional control; at the Grass-Root level (pg 3). The paradigm emphasizes on the integration at the board levels of the management team (management controls) The third paradigm explores the explicitly democratic and participative styles of management due to the growth in the field of information technology and knowledge management. This has resulted in research on management control and its relationship with strategic management. The paradigm deals with coordinating control systems with self control and designing and implementing systems for controlling the not-so-sincere people. The fourth paradigm deals with the adaptive theory of human behavior. Simons assumes that human beings want to contribute, achieve innovate and work competently even though they do not want to have specific external inducements to be so. Generation and implementation of adaptive control strategies are quite capable by human beings. This can be achieved through mutual consolation without an external force t make them fall in like and work for the organization. Everybody doing a business or government owned organization are looking for growth. Sufficient profit is thus essential to support market expectations. The problem arises when the top management pushes too hard for profit and does not have the right controls in places. In such cases employees may start to do dumb things like misusing revenues or making unethical decisions. In response to the above the company should therefore employ all sorts of controls. It should also be noted that if they go overboard in that same direction, the businesses will risk becoming internally focuses loosing growth power. This forms the basis of our paper in which we shall discuss the variety of forces in a business and to maintain the ultimate challenge. The Burlington Northern Rail Road (BN) was created in 1970 by the merger of four rail roads, Chicago Burlington and Quincy railroad; Northern pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway, and the Spokane; Portland and Seattle Railway Co. In 1980 another railway the ST. Louis-San Francisco Railway co. (Frisco) was acquired and merged into BN- (oligopoly watch 2003). BN decision to delay to deploy the ARES was as a result of perhaps because of the high price tag associated with the system wide application. The â€Å"Amtra Ares† would benefit the Burlington Northern by working an advanced train control system. Passengers would benefit with on time improvement in performance, reductions in running time and continuous communication for increased services reliability. The Ares deployment would cause a vast improvement in the management on safety of trains on any given rail. It enables the railroad to determine the exact location of train. If implemented ARES will permit an additional capacity on rail lines and better enable trains to be dispatched faster. In addition the technology will also permit timely monitoring of the mechanical conditions of equipment. (Oligopoly watch briefs 2003) The company also faces major competition form other established rails in US and therefore the industry profitability depends on porters five forces model for likely profitability. As porter (2005) a business has to understand the dynamics of its industries and markets in order to compete effectively in the market place. He contends that the competitive environment is created by the interaction of the five different forces acting on a business. (Bowman and Davviney 1997) The original competitive forces as proposed by porter, identified forces which would impact on an organization’s behavior in a competitive market. The analysis focused on the following areas:- †¢ The rivalry between existing sellers in the market †¢ The impact of the suppliers on the sellers †¢ The potential threat of new sellers entering the market. †¢ The threat of substantial products becoming available in the market. †¢ The power that is exerted by the customers in the market. The analysis are well illustrate in table in Appendix I DEGREE OF RIVALRY The Company faces major competition from other railway operators and means of transport. Rivalry determines the extent to which the value created by an industry will be dissipated through head-to-head competition. The concentration of alternative means of transport in the region seem to be a factor that affecting the effectiveness of the industry. ( High Beam Encyclopedi) †¢ The nature of the cost of transport should be variable in order to attract ore travelers to use that means of transport. †¢ The capacity of the rail should be considered by the management to accommodate more people and goods. †¢ They should also focus of market growth to increase competition and this shows their stability. †¢ In terms of operation and customer service their mode should be different from other lines in operation. THE THREAT OF ENTRY Porters admit that both potential and existing competitors influence average industry profitability. This threat is usually based on the market entry barriers. Entry barriers exist when it is difficult to economically operate for an outside in an industry already saturated with incumbents. The company faces loss threats from other competitors in terms of economics of scale. The benefits derived from such operation is worth noting and can be utilized to keep the company making other contracts in to industry faces challenges and barriers such as cost of entry, distribution channels and may lack differentiation. THREATS OF SUBSTITUTE When a company is faced by the threat of substitute products that pose to its profitability; it will depend on the relative price-to-performance ratios on the different types of services or products that the customer can turn to satisfy his basic needs. †¢ The company should know that there are major alternatives to rail transport and that customers can use other means eg. Air and road. †¢ The threat of switching out should also be discovered as a factor that can affect their competitiveness in that these costs are incurred when retaining, retooling and redesigning when a customer switches to a different mode of transport. †¢ The company should be sensitive on their pricing system which should be in tandem or cheaper with other alternatives. †¢ When designing substitutes of their own such as luxury coaches they should consider if they can do without it other than adding extra costs. BUYER POWER Buyer power influences the appropriation of the value created by an industry/company. The concentration of customers and size determines the buyer power. Other factors depend on how the company has marketed itself to the customers and differentiation of the competitors. The company poses credible threat of backward integration form the travelers who are their frequent customers. They should focus much on their maintaining the customers’ base through service improvement. The declining number of customers also does not frequent the route, their bargaining power towards the company falls means of attracting them back should be developed. SUPPLIER POWER This typically focuses on the relative size and concentration of companies offering similar services to the industry participants and degree of differentiation. The ability of a company to charge customers different prices in line with different in the value created indicates that there is high supply of services with low supply power For the supply power of Northern railway to exist the company should: †¢ Maintain their brand name power in recognizable in the market. †¢ Create different values in services offered with different prices. †¢ Able to counter any increasing threat of forward integration that wills an increasing number of travelers. †¢ Ensure that the customer is well informed of his services. †¢ The merger of the four companies is a strong point they should maintain. Case #2 Burlington industry must capitalize on the stability and management control it has instituted over the years it has been in operations. Also begin planning and reporting by business line and should identify activities and functions that led themselves to competition. This is because the company faces a serious problem when it comes to regulating the railway transport. Use of technologies such as ARES should be encouraged by this company. The following measures as stated above cn help them to solve this internal problems. 1. Management control They should try to reinforce what they already have accomplished over the years. Substantial structural and operating changes can result in increased stability, expense control and an effective program of capital reinvestment. The restructuring effort should:- †¢ Reduce management levels clarify roles played by authority and enhance accountability. †¢ Should have regular reporting. †¢ Control budget †¢ Focus on its core duty of passenger rail service. 2. Planning and reporting by business line Accountability in their financial transactions is one major factor they should consider. Transparency should be provided along the companies operating profile to facilitate management and god policy decision. In infrastructure management good technology like ARES which can help them control traffic should be deployed. Such structures would bring a different dimension which not only focuses on the cost of each line of operation but the mission, goals and market opportunities associated with the company. The management accountability should go hand in hand with the performance for each business line and this includes on time performance and customer service. 3. Advance Competition The utimage goal of Northern rail line should be to focus on maintaining a vibrant passenger rail system with a competitive supply of service industry and delivery. This objective should be supported through †¢ The development of an activity based analytical capabilities that elatify the cost of individual business lines. †¢ By enhancing the carrying out a comprehensive review and implementation of operating efficiencies. 4. The company should focus on delivering services in a cost effective manner as possible. They should also identify opportunities for revenue advancement and savings. This can be achieved through: †¢ Embracing innovation, marketing and pricing strategies. †¢ Creating flexible work rule that will enhance operational efficiency while maintaining service quality. †¢ Timely scheduling of departure and arrivals to reduce cost. †¢ Invest in technology such as ARES that will improve productivity, help solve internal problems and failures. 5. Customer service and time performance. In order for the company to have an even customer service it should focus on the following:- †¢ Develop a highly skilled, service oriented workforce which has the capacity to interact well with customers. †¢ Create timely dispatch and arrival times which will avoid congestion. †¢ Evaluate on areas where improved customer care can be achieved at a lower cost through outsourcing of services. Case # 3 The future on the success of Burlington Northern rail depends upon its inputs form the high traffic volumes, higher revenues yields while ensuring operating capacity is sufficient to match demand and lowered unit costs. They therefore need or are obligated to address these issues in grater details superior performance will only flow if the company gets better at managing new care competencies like pricing, capacity, networks and schedules. In addition o making improvements in general productivity the company should have better cost management by addressing this cost disparities in comparison with other transport modes. Burlington should move from a constraint driven environment to a market driven one with an aim of capturing and retaining the market share. This will be achieved if they offer excellent services to customers and ensure that resources are used properly. Failure to comply with such minor issue will push them out of business as they lose market share. Case # 4 The advanced Railway electric system (ARES) is important if implemented would address traffic and increase yield through market planning and scheduling technology. The increase operating would lower operating cost. The management science techniques as they are called are being used for queuing, decision, information, statistics as well as stimulation, operation research and linear programming. The new approach for planning and re-configuring rail networks are opening up key opportunities and major savings. To maintain a competitive advantage the company should aim at developing high speed rail networks and advanced scheduling though ARES a key factor in matching out to demand. The increase in demands calls for an effective system to build schedules to meet the changing demand, both constraint driven and market driven criteria. The system makes it possible to choose between all alternatives and find best arrangements tailored to meet the organizations conditions. If Burlington does not implement ARES it is faced with and impending threat on traffic as the railway scheduling is becoming more and more complex. They will not be able to meet the changing demand and because of this they cannot maximize profits as there will be increased operational costs. Being able to find the best technology like ARES in such a difficult choice environment is a strong competitive advantage.

Romeo And Juliet †Act 1, Scene 5

Romeo And Juliet – Act 1, Scene 5 Free Online Research Papers Act1 Scene5 is hugely important to the rest of the play. It incorporates the roots of love where both Romeo and Juliet become infatuated with each other, even though Romeo has just broken up with his previous love, Rosaline, and with these roots shows some of what is yet to come, foreshadowing. Also it shows the warring nature between the houses of Capulet and Montague, where at the party, Tybalt; Juliet’s cousin, who on seeing a Montague at the Capulet’s party goes straight to his uncle to get them thrown out, but also of the penalty of torture if another civil brawl breaks out, this is shown that when Tybalt complains to his uncle, sir Capulet, who says that they are guests and it shall not be taken to remove them or start a fight. In the opening of Act1 scene5 we see some serving men rushing about getting the great hall ready for the party. One of the serving men is shouting for another person showing that there is a lot of activity and that there are still more people needed. He shouts, â€Å"Where’s Potpan, that he helps not to take away? He shift a trencher? He scrape a trencher†. This shows that even though there are many people helping out with the party there are still not enough people, shown when the serving man uses the rhetorical question to show that he needs more people even though everyone is already doing something. When Sir Capulet comes out there is even more commotion, with the line, â€Å"A hall, a hall, give room! And foot it girls.†, everyone starts to dance. This shows that there is a happy and upbeat atmosphere and that everyone is enjoying themselves. At the masked ball of the Capulet’s shows Romeo’s unstoppable falling in love with Juliet. When Romeo first sees Juliet he uses metaphors like â€Å"a snowy dove† and â€Å"teaches the torches to burn right†. This shows that Romeo thinks Juliet’s beauty shines and that she is as beautiful as snow. When he first sees Juliet he says a sonnet that uses iambic pentameter which during the age when this was written was considered to be of the upper class. Shakespeare uses the visual imagery of the party and everyone dancing to illustrate that even thought Romeo was so sad that Roseline had left him, that he could find love in the family of his enemy. â€Å" o dear account! My life is my foe’s debt† shows that Romeo believes that with the words the â€Å"my foe’s debt† that if his family and Juliet’s family weren’t fighting they could be together. The contrast between Romeos words about Juliet and the confrontation between Capulet and Tybalt. When we see Romeo talking about being head over heels for Juliet, Tybalt is trying to get him thrown out. We see Tybalt at first dumbfounded when he sees Romeo, but as the song ends he rushes over to Capulet, who is sitting with some of his friends. â€Å" content thee, gentle coz, let him alone†, is the line he tries to calm him with, â€Å"content thee† means calm yourself, which shows that he is looking out for his nephew so that he is not tortured by Paris’ men and when he says â€Å"gentle coz† it implies that he likes his nephew and thinks he is a calm friend. These two facts gives both a jolly atmosphere, but also a deeper felling of darkness or foreboding which could be related to future events that could happen in the play. Also this could be a catalyst for the events that happen later in the play, where Tybalt wants to start a fight with Romeo, who d eclines, so instead fights Mercutio, who he kills then Romeo retaliates and kills Tybalt. As soon as Romeo has done this, he deeply regrets it. â€Å"O, I am fortune’s fool† after he kills Tybalt, showing that he believes that fortune has played him â€Å"fortune’s fool†, because he has struck down his cousin-in-law because he killed his best friend. The playful but quick temperedness of Tybalt is shown in act 1 scene 5 when he discovers Romeo at the Capulet ball. In Act 1 Scene 5, Shakespeare gives Romeo a sonnet which in Elizabethan times was a highly admired skill, Juliet showing the love at first sight as a sonnet is seen as a love poem so showing that he can’t believe what he sees. He uses the religious imagery of a pilgrim and a saint to show that he thinks she is saintly compared to him. â€Å"dear saint, let lips do what hands do† shows that he wants the privilege of kissing Juliet’s lips like a person gets when he touches a saint’s hands. Also the quote, â€Å"my lips like two blushing pilgrims†, uses the metaphor to show with the word â€Å"pilgrims† that shows Romeo’s lips have waited a long time and have gone very far to find Juliet’s lips. Also the word â€Å"blushing† could show that Romeo is shy or worried or nervous about kissing Juliet. Plus the metaphor â€Å"palm to palm is holy, palmers’ kiss†, the palm was the only area on a woman’s body a man could touch before they were married, possibly foreshadowing events yet to come. On discovering each other’s identity, both Romeo and Juliet are extremely sad that each other are of the opposite warring house. On lines 117 and lines 137-140 both say how their love is of their enemy and that they may never see each other again. Juliet says that it was â€Å"too early seen unknown, and known too late†. It shows she fell in love with him before finding out who he truly was and if she should have fell in love with him. In Act 1 Scene 5 Shakespeare manages to incorporate the themes of love, hate, death and a sense of foreboding. It starts off with love when Romeo and Juliet first lock eyes, to when Tybalt sees them and becomes enraged. Overall this scene could be described as a microcosm of the whole play. It has the love of Romeo and Juliet as they spiral into an overpowering sense of passion for each other. The warring nature between Capulet’s and Montague’s, where Tybalt discovers Romeo’s identity and becomes fuming at the idea of him invading the festivities. The symbolism in the scene is woven in finely in today’s culture but when this play was written, it incorporated many ‘relevant’ events showing historical and religious reference woven into a hugely famous play around the world. Research Papers on Romeo And Juliet - Act 1, Scene 5The Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameTrailblazing by Eric AndersonCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

History of Racial discrimination in the Workplace.

History of Racial discrimination in the Workplace. Racial discrimination has long been a problem in social history. The discrimination of ethnic minorities has been a controversial issue, existent in society, and workplaces for many years. The implementation of ethnic monitoring and positive discrimination in employment has increased the number of ethnic employees and gone a long way to mend the bridge of inequality which has burdened society for a long time.Another method introduced to try and counter the racial inequality in employment is that of Affirmative Action. Affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions, to increase their number in the workplace.Affirmative action is a controversial issue which has been debated by many. In this essay I am going to look at the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action and what affect it has on society. I will also debate whether I think affirmative action is a fair method to implement in organis ations, and also whether it can be considered to be fair from a philosophical perspective.Affirmative actionAffirmative action was defined as an attempt to enlarge opportunity for everyone, it was designed to redress the imbalances caused by long-standing discrimination. Defenders of affirmative action argue that granting modest advantages to minorities and women is more than fair, given hundreds of years of discrimination that benefited whites and men. This implies that as blacks have previously suffered from detrimental racist discrimination and wrongdoings, including slavery and not having the right to vote, they now deserve extra benefits to compensate. This is known as "reverse racism". It argues that as whites once set themselves apart from blacks and claimed privileges for themselves while denying them to others, now, on the basis of race, blacks are able to claim special status and reserving for themselves privileges they...

Words of Wisdom Quotes That Enrich Everyday Life

Words of Wisdom Quotes That Enrich Everyday Life Wisdom is the distilled knowledge that is created through experience and insight. It is not something only the educated have. Mankinds ancestors left behind a treasure trove of wisdom in the form of scriptures, folklore, and proverbs. Their wise words guide people through the meandering path of life through the legends, folk tales, and  sayings  that get passed from one generation to another. These words of wisdom can help guide your life. Read them once, and you will find them  interesting. Read them again, and you will perceive their depth. Sir Winston Churchill The price of greatness is responsibility. Khalil Gibran Yesterday is but todays memory, and tomorrow is todays dream. A little knowledge that acts is worth infinitely more than much knowledge that is idle. Out of suffering have emerged the strongest souls; the most massive characters are seared with scars. I have learned silence from the talkative, toleration from the intolerant, and kindness from the unkind; yet, strange, I am ungrateful to those teachers. ​Faith is a knowledge within the heart, beyond the reach of proof. Your children are not your children. They are the sons and daughters of Lifes longing for itself. They came through you but not from you and though they are with you yet they belong not to you. Theodore Roosevelt Do what you can, with what you have, where you are. Dalai Lama When you lose, dont lose the lesson. Berthold Auerbach Years teach us more than books. A. Maude Royden Learn to hold loosely all that is not eternal. Mark Twain Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest. Epictetus Decide who you must be, then do what you must do. Buddha What you are is what you have been, and what you will be is what you do now. Peace comes from within. Do not seek it without. We are formed and molded by our thoughts. Those whose minds are shaped by selfless thoughts give joy when they speak or act. Joy follows them like a shadow that never leaves them. Thich Nhat Hanh To be beautiful means to be yourself. You don’t need to be accepted by others. You need to accept yourself. William James The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook. Albert Einstein Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Self-development is a higher duty than self-sacrifice. Confucius Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness. What the superior man seeks is in himself; what the small man seeks is in others. Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star. Henry David Thoreau Do not hire a man who does your work for money, but him who does it for love of it. Kurt Vonnegut What should young people do with their lives today? Many things, obviously. But the most daring thing is to create stable communities in which the terrible disease of loneliness can be cured. Ralph Waldo Emerson Do not be too timid and squeamish about your reactions. All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make the better. Ruth Stafford Peale Find a need and fill it. Sun Tzu Appear weak when you are strong, and strong when you are weak. Jimi Hendrix Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens. Chinese Proverb The longer the explanation, the bigger the lie.

Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross Essay

Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army - Essay Example The recent decades have seen a variety of non-profit organizations arise to participate in the provision of charitable work to the general community. The same field has become an area of concern by researchers and academicians in search for how well these organizations can be productive to the world. The non-profit organizational operations are mostly based on voluntary and are therefore considered as relief provision organizations. Though their operational structures may be similar, major differences are often evident in terms of the organizational structures, leadership styles, and the extent of offering corporate social responsibility among others. The mode of raising funds for such organizations is also mainly done via reliance on external sources, for instance, donor funds, community contributions. The management of the non-profit organizations is also mostly in accordance to the institutional and management theories. The willingness of my company to give away the $200,000 to th e two organizations is dependent on the effectiveness of handling their social responsibility to the community. Thus, research will be useful in the making disbursement decisions. However, though many studies have been conducted in regards to the activities of non-profit organizations, no study has directly related a case study for the two organizations as well as a critical comparison between them. The discussion in this case study report aims at investigating the emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army. ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 2 1.0 Introduction 5 2.0 A concise and objective organizational overview 6 2.1 Australian Red Cross 6 2.2 The Australian Salvation Army 9 3.0 Comparative study of the organizations 11 3.1 Comparison 12 3.2 Contrast 13 4.0 Recommendations for distribution of $200,000 14 5.0 Conclusion 15 List of References 16 Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army 1.0 Introduction Emergency assistance and human help entails utilization of non-profit oriented organizations in the meeting of societal urgent needs. The Australian realms have been adequately dominated by a vast array of non-profit organizations, which are inclusive of Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army. The main purpose of the operation of these organizations includes the performance of charitable activities in the immediate community as a routine. The creation of a compassionate as well as a dignified society is also the divine role of thes e organizations, in a bid to act as complements to the exertion of the public sectors. The effectiveness of these human organizations is dependent upon the level of their corporate social responsibility, as well as their operational scope. The donor organizations that fund such voluntary organizations value corporate social responsibility, thus, my organization desires to disburse the available funds in relation to how each of the two companies handle the immediate society. The structure of an organization also determines the usefulness of efficiency and effectiveness measures in handling the required responsibilities. However, though both of the aforementioned organizations are

'The great strength of the market is that it is a decentralised means Essay

'The great strength of the market is that it is a decentralised means of resource allocation.' Discuss - Essay Example However, the markets deviate because of the demand and supply levels that shape the market conditions. The following context is a depth discussion of free market enterprise economies with incorporation of the liberalists and socialists approaches. Innovation The free market economies are crucial for general growth of a country as the production factors seem to coincide with the market forces in exploitation of resources to achieve improvement in lives through the satisfaction of consumer needs (Lightenstein, 2005:56). Economists argue that free markets comprise of sellers of different products and buyers to the different products and the extent at which these factors prevail without coercion is the best of economic growth. Mainly, supply of the products is dependent on demand levels prevailing in the market. A supplier defines a particular need for a product in the market and depicts on the best method of solving the consumer need (Block, and Block, 2008:58). At this point, the suppl ier shall indulge in the process of developing a product tailored to cater for the anticipated need. Producers to new products in a free market find ease in accessing value through the effective ascertainment of anticipated needs from the target consumers. This occurs from the essence that the consumer expresses the needs he feels deprived of and at that point, the innovative and knowledgeable producer gains access to a product idea (Kasper, 2006:122). A producer should depict the market eyed on and establish the probable rate of competition that may prevail in the market. Economists hold on innovation as of critical value to enhancing production and increased economic performances at the long run (Barth, Lin, and Wihlborg, 2012:43). For example, a new product in a free market enterprise encourages different producers to derive a norm that producing towards the different consumer needs could be beneficial to the urge to grow. As Smith established in the 18th century, suppliers deriv e the urge to produce just as the consumers derive the urge to purchase a given. Studies depict that innovative supply of products is positive to growth in the economy. For example, a new product in the market would imply to a new demand and supply module that will include a monopolistic competition approach. The law is that the product will gain a gradual increase in the level of demand and slowly incline in accordance to the purchase model (Lightenstein, 2005:59). This process shall implicate a level of returns on investment to the producer who shall in turn engage in production of more output to cater for the raising demand. At this point, producers shall stand the threat of competition in the absence of substitute commodities in the market. Free market economists embrace monopolistic competition as ideal in that different suppliers have distinct products thus will attract different buyers. Therefore, monopolistic competition is relative to decreased rivalry (Kasper, 2006:124). T he libertarians hold on free market as ideal to the distribution of wealth and equity to the entire society in general. For example, the new products shall lead to the creation of employment rates for knowledgeable and innovative individuals. This labor force shall derive earnings from the initial demand of the product at the initial price (Barth, Lin, and Wihlborg, 2012:45). With the opposing factors remaining constant, the product demand shall increase accordingly and will be the yields to the producer. Hence, increased production

Research Proposal - Eroding Dress Standards Paper

Proposal - Eroding Dress Standards - Research Paper Example This research study aims to explore and understand the reasons behind the falling standards of professional dress standards in business environment. Considering above, following two hypothesis are formulated: This hypothesis will test whether dressing standards have changed due to informal nature of the organization. Informal organizations are more open and adaptive to their environment so their practices change due to changes in the environment in which they operate. Managing cultural diversity is one of the key challenges faced by the international firms. As such accommodating the values and standards of the employees belonging to different cultures and sub-cultures has become a necessity for the organizations. Due to such changes, the overall dressing standards might have changed over the period of time. Research design and methodology is the systematic way through which a researcher can actually test and explore different hypothesis and research questions. By applying different statistical tools and techniques a researcher can actually aim at finding out the key relationships between dependent and independent variables. This research study will be qualitative in nature considering the very nature of the research questions to be explored by the researcher. Qualitative studies are used in order to study the human behavior and habits and as such can provide an effective means through which this research study could be conducted and performed. Researcher however, aims to develop a questionnaire in order to obtain the views and comments of the managers in order to understand their perception about the professional dress codes and why they have changed. The overall purpose for adapting this method is to corroborate the research hypothesis and obtain the first hand information from the managers regarding the factors behind the changes in the dressing standards. The researcher will use the rule of refutability in order to either

Innovation and Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Innovation and Change - Assignment Example However it depends upon various factors including willingness to bring a change, vision for change, determination as well as leadership qualities, certainty of progress in right direction and guidance (Jarret, 2009). Different people have different strengths and weaknesses when it comes to finding a solution for their problems, but it is the circumstances due to which they come up with something extra ordinary and contribute to the process of innovation (Mayle, 2006). According to Rosanne Cash â€Å"The key to change... is to let go of fear†. A change can only occur when people let their guard off and let things happen as they please. Innovation on the other hand is derived from a Latin word that means â€Å"to introduce something new to the existing realm and order of things†. In simple words it’s kind of a small revolution in its self (Shavinina 2003). Innovation or change does not occur randomly but thoughts and effort is put into the process to implement a su ccessful change. Lots of decision making goes into this process which is affected by mental models, personal bias and stereotypes that consistently influence the decision makers during statistical computation (Jarret 2009). This does not mean that decisions made are effective sometimes they can be flawed as well. In fact many times the greatest obstacle in the way of innovative change is the flawed human judgment. For example, mergers largely fail to achieve potential. Failure in achieving an effective change can be due to many factors like lack of vision, poor processing, inappropriate business strategies etc. but being able to manage a flawed judgment is the key to survival. Change has to be strategized in a way that leads to successful future yet satisfies short term requirements (Holbeche 2006). Theories of Innovation and Change Different theories about innovation have been brought by different scholar that are being seen practically implemented on to this world such theories as presented by Max Weber, Nisbet, etc are important to be discussed so that change innovation can be well comprehended. With the existence of social science there have been untimely diverse changes in the society. The theory that emerged from Robert Nisbet was the first time people started noticing that there is link between change and society with its past and the present, and here started a new debate. Nisbet’s thesis presented the fact that there can be no reflection or study upon the social change evolving hence it is not measurable and it is distinguishable from the intellectual activity which is usually referred as history (Boudan 1986). Revolution can be defined as a social change that place within a very short period of time. Social change is made up of four factors that are; Modernization, Diffusion, cultural lag and indigenously initiated alteration within the systems. When society is not able to cope up with the forced factors that have been involved into it, change s in that society are inevitable and thus revolution comes into that society. Max Weber was the first person who thought that social changes are rather just not linked to the economics going on around people but to the entire social sciences that are revolving around us. These kinds of changes are important to be discussed and mentioned in researches where social communication is involved (Boudon 1986). Leadership of innovation and change: With the acceleration in the onset of change and innovation, leaders have to evaluate

Social Consequences Of Long Term Unemployment Essay

Social Consequences Of Long Term Unemployment - Essay Example It is apparently clear that the ability to take huge risks thus amassing more wealth, is hinged on the level of income an individual has at his/her disposal. However, this is thwarted by lack of finances occasioned by unemployment especially long term based. According to Jackson and Crooks, (1993), the atmosphere and environment of unemployment relegates an individual to just existing rather than live. This statement captures how corrosive and disastrous unemployment can affect an individual and the society where unemployment is thriving. Machin et al, (1998), notes that long term unemployment as impacting on the loss of competitiveness in the labour market, thus leading to more unemployment rate in the economy. Moreover, this has a consequence of causing huge income disparities as it becomes quite challenging to competing in the job market as the individual’s skills and competencies that were acquired at any moment end up deteriorating with time due to lack of use. However, H elmut, (2000) paints a grin picture of the social consequences which result from long term unemployment. Unemployment, in a broad sense creates a vicious cycle of poverty that normally leads to the following social consequences that have in them a spiraling effect on the social and economic costs. These in turn, lead to harsh financial hurdles, corrosion of family ties and breakdowns, unserviceable debts, crime in order to survive, social exclusion, dwindling of self esteem and loss of confidence, homelessness and poor health, inaccessibility to quality services, depression and redundancy as pertains to work skills and competencies. Although unemployment may act as an impetus in causing economic action by governments, lack of proper policies may contribute to harmful consequences on the social as well as economic wellbeing of an individual and the country’s employment. Rebecca, (1994), argues that inefficient labour market fuels socio-economic challenges consequently leading to long term unemployment. With the existence of continued unemployment, the individuals get socially excluded. In addition, their economic capability is weakened. Individuals who are faced with long term unemployment effects find it challenging to live. They are forced to borrowing finances in order to survive. Since there are no sources of cash inflows, servicing of the debts become a hurdle. This is especially so with lone parents and those whose education is low. They lack the ability to compete with the increasing demands on the labour market as advanced skills are required to perform the jobs. Moreover, the consequences are so manifest on the young people. These bear the greatest brunt as adjusting to the labour market needs becomes quite challenging. Getting the necessary professional polishing by way of experience proves to be a herculean task as the transfer of skills is limited. Consequently, borrowing becomes the norm, creating a cycle of dependency resulting from lack of financial independency. The spiraling effects of long term consequences of unemployment, lead to deterioration of family ties and breakdowns as the financial instability cripples the purchasing power of the families. This results into confrontations as needs become quite elusive to cater for. The couples at this point may turn to securing financial aid or other sources of help through uncouth means such as prostitution or even drug trafficking. These in consequence contribute to infidelity as well as prosecution, leading to separation of families or divorce. The embarrassments caused by such actions lead to weakening of the social fabric and family ties. Furthermore, this contributes to

Collapse Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collapse Paper - Assignment Example Emergency medical evacuations will not be handled within the required time and paramedics will have a hard time navigating the streets in order to attend to patients. This paper will explore the possibilities of such an eventuality and propose a system that will counter its effects. Generally human populations want to thrive in a healthy environment and with it come the constant need to create opportunities that would help them realise the same. With the current trends of industrialisation and the use of fossil fuels human race survival is threatened more so their health and land resource from which life is derived. In this regard technology can come in handy by coming up with a system that could help civilizations adapt to the global change. In the case of the global health being threatened in a congested and developed city by climate change the system should be able to create a quick link between the patient and hospital. It should be able to depict the patients’ exact location and condition to facilitate speedy access and help. The system will comprise of three major components located at three different points. First the patient will be equipped with a temper proof wrists watch capable of monitoring normal body functions in this case heartbeat, respiration and blood pressure. This information will be relayed via radio to a central station/ database in this case the hospital where computers will interpret the data and signal a warning in case of any anomaly in the vital systems. Based on the complexity of the patients medical history which is stored in a remote database the wrist watch will either warn the patient and advice on steps for treatment or alert a medical team. In the case of patient being advised the system will automatically send a message to the patients regarding their status and refer them to the nearest health institution where they can be attended

Social Consequences Of Long Term Unemployment Essay

Social Consequences Of Long Term Unemployment - Essay Example It is apparently clear that the ability to take huge risks thus amassing more wealth, is hinged on the level of income an individual has at his/her disposal. However, this is thwarted by lack of finances occasioned by unemployment especially long term based. According to Jackson and Crooks, (1993), the atmosphere and environment of unemployment relegates an individual to just existing rather than live. This statement captures how corrosive and disastrous unemployment can affect an individual and the society where unemployment is thriving. Machin et al, (1998), notes that long term unemployment as impacting on the loss of competitiveness in the labour market, thus leading to more unemployment rate in the economy. Moreover, this has a consequence of causing huge income disparities as it becomes quite challenging to competing in the job market as the individual’s skills and competencies that were acquired at any moment end up deteriorating with time due to lack of use. However, H elmut, (2000) paints a grin picture of the social consequences which result from long term unemployment. Unemployment, in a broad sense creates a vicious cycle of poverty that normally leads to the following social consequences that have in them a spiraling effect on the social and economic costs. These in turn, lead to harsh financial hurdles, corrosion of family ties and breakdowns, unserviceable debts, crime in order to survive, social exclusion, dwindling of self esteem and loss of confidence, homelessness and poor health, inaccessibility to quality services, depression and redundancy as pertains to work skills and competencies. Although unemployment may act as an impetus in causing economic action by governments, lack of proper policies may contribute to harmful consequences on the social as well as economic wellbeing of an individual and the country’s employment. Rebecca, (1994), argues that inefficient labour market fuels socio-economic challenges consequently leading to long term unemployment. With the existence of continued unemployment, the individuals get socially excluded. In addition, their economic capability is weakened. Individuals who are faced with long term unemployment effects find it challenging to live. They are forced to borrowing finances in order to survive. Since there are no sources of cash inflows, servicing of the debts become a hurdle. This is especially so with lone parents and those whose education is low. They lack the ability to compete with the increasing demands on the labour market as advanced skills are required to perform the jobs. Moreover, the consequences are so manifest on the young people. These bear the greatest brunt as adjusting to the labour market needs becomes quite challenging. Getting the necessary professional polishing by way of experience proves to be a herculean task as the transfer of skills is limited. Consequently, borrowing becomes the norm, creating a cycle of dependency resulting from lack of financial independency. The spiraling effects of long term consequences of unemployment, lead to deterioration of family ties and breakdowns as the financial instability cripples the purchasing power of the families. This results into confrontations as needs become quite elusive to cater for. The couples at this point may turn to securing financial aid or other sources of help through uncouth means such as prostitution or even drug trafficking. These in consequence contribute to infidelity as well as prosecution, leading to separation of families or divorce. The embarrassments caused by such actions lead to weakening of the social fabric and family ties. Furthermore, this contributes to

Roxanne Swentzell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Roxanne Swentzell - Essay Example The artwork by Roxanne gives full focus on the human beings and their daily interaction with the environment. The term environment here refers to the general surrounding. As in people besides the other person, are they the work one does, house chores, defined by gender or political aspects. Human on the other aspect refers to any person. Young or old, a child, woman or even boys. She tries to express her feelings through them and the effects of the environment to their lives. Or even the impact of their lives on the environment. Humans react differently to their environment. Roxanne has strived to bring out the aspect of their feelings. She has balanced the emotional dimensions of the children, shyness, and love to children and how they interact with each other from the general perspective (Swentzell, Roxanne, & Gussie 44). In her artwork of making babies for Indian women, she has designed a Pueblo woman. The woman has a port on her head and babies are emanating from it. Others carried on her laps, some standing on her shoulder while she seats on the ground. The one standing is eager to know who these others are coming from the pot. The sculpture is symbolic. The port represents the birth process. Pueblo is African in nature. From the cultural view, African women should bore and rare to a big number of children and manage it the best way possible. It is disbelief that children are sources of wealth and symbol of a wealthy family. The pot is symbolizing the woman’s uterus: an organ in which conception takes place. Before been expelled through the birth canal, that is the neck of the pot to the point where the children are seen peeping. These depict that an African woman is expected to be very healthy and fertile. In turn, it will enable her conceive as many children as possible. The man, on the other hand, will deal with the task of rearing, educating them. The artist

Haitian Vodou Essay Example for Free

Haitian Vodou Essay Vodou, A Haitian religion deeply rooted in colonialism stems from several African sources, which have constructed and maintained a hybrid Africana and European diaspora in the Caribbean. In an effort to preserve African tradition and spiritual belief, slaves in Haiti prior to the Haitian Revolution of 1791, established and developed the heterogeneous religion known as Vodou. As Vodou became a more prominent aspect of slave culture in Haiti the hybridization between traditional Africana religion and European religion fashioned a new system of belief. The fusion of Catholicism from Europe and African religions make up one of the most influential religions in Haiti today, in fact Vodou plays an imperative role in Haitian life. In addition to having a tremendous effect on Haitian religious practices, Vodou also plays a fundamentally important role in driving Haitian politics, economics, community, and social relations. From a student and non-Haitian perspective I seek to obtain knowledge on how Vodou has and continues to play a detrimental role in every aspect of Haitian life. Through analyzing and cross-examination of several texts it appears that without boundaries Vodou is important. Before delving into how Vodou effects nearly every aspect of Haitian culture I would like to first analyze the importance of understanding the roots and origin of a belief and practice that has become such a prominent aspect of Haitian life. In the eighteenth century the slave trade in Haiti ushered in a number of African slaves from various groups. These groups of African people brought with them to Haiti their traditions, beliefs, and lifestyles. In â€Å"Haitian Vodou† of Creole Religions of the Caribbean, the authors state that the slave trade was in fact the European way of â€Å"destroying all cultural connections† to the homelands of the slaves (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 101). European slave owners and slave traders thought it necessary to force European ideals and beliefs onto their slaves, ridding and dismantling the beliefs and tradition of their native land. In this respect the slave trade played a significant role in the creation of Vodou, catalyzing Afro-European syncretism into a new belief system. Vodou began as a way for slaves to hold on to their cultural beliefs, and helped refute the impositions of Catholic religion that the French attempted to employ, as they saw it necessary to condition African slaves to their lifestyle (102). In my opinion Afro-European syncretism is one of the more complex and intriguing religious developments as it pertains to Vodou. In Voodoo Africa’s Secret Power author Gert Chesi describes the fusion of African and European culture stating that slaves brought with them the gods of Africa to the Caribbean where they then blended with the Saints and other Catholic and Christian symbols (Chesi 231). The imposition of Catholic and Christian beliefs by Europeans onto African slaves made it nearly impossible for African slaves to remain entirely devoted to their home land beliefs and traditions. African slaves in Haiti adopted Vodou as a means of maintaining their traditional beliefs, however, Christian and Catholic ideals were still important influential factors in the establishment of Vodou. The spirits often associated with Vodou known, as Lwa are similar to Saints in the Catholic Church. Slaves in Haiti dealt with the pressures of forcibly having to adapt to European religion by integrating their belief system with that of the European belief system. I think that Slaves in Haiti used Vodou as a stabilizing factor in Haitian culture. The ritual and practice that developed through the integration of European tradition with African tradition ensures that African tradition will remain considerably important regardless of the fact that Europeans once tried to dismantle African tradition and impose Western tradition on those slaves living in Haiti. Vodou serves as a mechanism for passing on tradition from generation to generation. In Voodoo: Truth and Fantasy the author states that Vodou has emerged as a vibrant cultural force in twenty-first century Haiti (Hurbon 126). This statement supports the idea that Vodou has and continues to have a role in Haitian life and Haitian culture. Vodou has undoubtedly helped restore an almost lost identity to African slaves in Haiti, and has allowed generation after generation to know and understand the beliefs of the homeland from which their ancestors originated. The foundation of many Haitian affairs may not be solely rooted in Vodou, however, the religion holds weight in many political spheres throughout Haiti. Starting from the moment of its development, Vodou has been politically important to Haiti. In fact, its very creation resulted from various political, cultural, and religious â€Å"struggles for freedom† (33). After analyzing the roots of Vodou it has become quite apparent that Vodou played an important role during Haiti’s revolutionary period. During and before the Haitain revolution Vodou was used as a means of protecting and politicizing the interest of Haitian slaves. From that time forward Haitian people have continued to use Vodou as a political tool to protect their interests and assets. Vodou has indeed been subjected to â€Å"persecution at the hands of both Church and state† leaving many non-believers and outsiders to attribute negative connotations to Vodou as a whole (117). In 1835 Vodou began to publically suffer from political ostracizing under president Jean-Pierre Boyer who passed a penal code that called for the imprisonment of six months to two years for followers of Vodou practicing superstitious act (118). It seems to me that the reason behind the ban on Vodou practices not only stemmed from political issues occurring at the time, but also from past political experiences in Haiti. Hurbon does not mention Boyer’s reasoning behind implementing a penal code, therefore allowing one to speculate whether or not Boyer, although Haitian had ties to France. The reason I bring this point to light is because for one, Jean-Pierre Boyer sounds relatively French and secondly Boyer implemented a code that put restrictions on a religion that has roots deep within African culture. In addition to dealing with the idea of possible imprisonment, if caught practicing Vodou, Haitians also faced the possibility of abandoning and giving up the African culture and belief that was associated with Vodou. In response to government restrictions some Haitians created secret societies in order to keep the bonds of Vodou ritual and ties to kinship in motion. In 1957 President Francois Duvalier also known as â€Å"Papa Doc† started a political rehabilitation for Vodou (118). Duvalier’s involvement in Vodou was for the soul purpose of engaging the Lwa through ceremonies in order to gain the Lwas’ good will and also to spark enthusiasm in those who practice Vodou. Papa Doc’s presidency marked a period characterized by dark magic and sorcery. This period in Haitian history displays the negative aspects often associated with Vodou. In my opinion President Francois Duvalier’s understanding of Vodou curtails from misinterpretation and misuse. Duvalier did not seem to grasp the reasoning behind certain Vodou rituals and ceremonies, using them only as a way to advance himself politically. During Duvalier’s reign Haiti saw tremendous political change resulting from the misunderstanding or misuse of Vodou. On one hand Jean-Pierre Boyer refused to let any one in Haiti practice Vodou because of the negative connotations surrounding the religion. On the other hand Francois Duvalier used Vodou to bolster his political appeal, which dismantled the meaning and reasoning behind the ceremonies and rituals performed by those who practiced and truly understood and appreciated the meaning that those Vodou acts carry. In Creole Religions of the Caribbean, the authors mention that within Vodou practices the chief communicators that draw â€Å"konesans† or connaissance/knowledge are the Oungand and the Manbo (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 107). The Oungand and the Manbo are believed to receive knowledge passed down from the Lwa. The Oungand and the Manbo act as political leaders and have rural political power within their own community because the ability to communicate with the Lwa is looked up to. In Michel Laguerre’s book Voodoo and Politics the author states that Francois Duvalier used the political power of the Oungand and the Manbo to establish legitimacy among those who practiced Vodou (Laguerre 87). Today Vodou can be represented in popular culture as dark, sadistic, and involving many acts of superstition, denying it a position central to Haitian culture. However, despite the misconceptions surrounding Vodou today many religious works are carried out by Haitian elites. This goes to show yet another transformation in Haitian politics, and Vodou’s role in shaping a new system of life. From my examination of the texts that emphasized Vodou’s relationship to Haitian politics I have concluded that Vodou does in fact affect politics in Haitian communities and Haiti as a whole. The relationship between Vodou and Haitian economics is a long-standing phenomenon that has existed prior to the Haitian revolution in 1791 and continues to exist today. The slave trades influence on the creation of Vodou links the existence of the religion and also the economics involved between masters and sellers of slaves. During this time the Haitian economy was being stimulated by the slave trade. As the slaves grew weary, a number of rebellions occurred and Vodou greatly affected the plantation economy that the Haitian people originally were forced into. According to Omos and Gerbert, the economy in Haiti shifted from one of plantation to that of a â€Å"rural economy† of â€Å"subsistent farmers† working their own lands (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 103). Vodou practices and rituals play an important role in shaping and maintaing Haitian economics. The initiation and sacrificial rituals performed by many Vodou sects involve a great amount of â€Å"financial sacrifice† (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 117). From my examination of several texts, including that of Olmos and Gerbet I have concluded that preparation for the many Vodou festivals, initiations, and temple gatherings are intensive and call for many financial sacrifices from those who may already be financially unstable. Animal sacrifice plays an important role in the finances of Haitian people. In Voodoo Africa’s Secret Power the author, Gert Chesi, included various photographs of Haitian Vodou sacrifices and rituals. Many of the photographs throughout Chesi’s book showed the sacrificing of cattle, sheep, and chicken. The cross-examination of various texts did not leave me with much information on the Haitian economy as it related to Vodou, however, I was able to infer that the economic sacrifices made by Haitian people were performed in order to obtain personal advancements or for the betterment of the community as a whole. Some sacrifices were performed to win the protection and trust of the Lwa spirits, and some sacrifices were performed in hopes that the Lwa would shed some rain to strengthen planation production. I think that the Haitian economy and the Vodou religion are dependent on each other. The dependency I see in the relationship stems from the fact that without an economy like the one in Haiti, Vodou would not be as prominent or even meaningful to the Haitian people. The economy as it is creates a buffer for Vodou as a religion. The economy allows for Haitians to use their beliefs and connections with the spirits to envoke hope, or optimism that the plantation life in Haiti will somehow flourish. This claim can be supported through the existence of rituals performed for protection, knowledge, and even rainfall. In Hurbon’s, Olmos’ and Gebert’s, Chesi’s, Laguerre and Michel’s and Smith’s descriptions of Vodou in Haitian culture one thing is for certain, Vodou has and continues to influence communities through and through. In Chesi’s pictorial account of Vodou in Haiti one can see pictures of various ways that the religion is linked to community. In one picture, Chesi captured a ritual being performed near a beach where one individual was having a ritual performed on him (ritual not clear from picture) while dozens of his Vodou community member looked on and supported him. What puzzles me the most is how instinctual and ritualized Vodou actually is. Chesi’s pictures show dozens and dozens of Haitian people flocking to support another Vodou practice, but for what reason? Why do these members feel so indebted to one another? From my observation the answer to this question comes from the simple fact that Vodou needs a sense of community mong its members to remain relevant. It was from the simple yearning to keep tradition relevant that Vodou stemmed, so it appears to me that the idea of community or family has been long standing, even deep within Vodou’s African roots. Hurbon’s choice of words within Voodoo: Truth and Fantasy shed’s lite on the communal aspect of Vodou a little differently. Like Chesi, Hurbon acknowledges the importance of community, even stating that Vodou â€Å"bring families together in large gatherings, a festive way of ensuring that religious traditions will endure† (Hurbon 14). In Hurbon’s text it appears that the family and passing of tradition from generation to generation is in fact important to the survival of Vodou. In my examination of Hurbon’s text it seemed as though Hurbon was promoting a balance of kinship and communal ties. Hurbon states that it is important to have family agreement in order to have a positive communal bond. One aspect of Hurbon’s text was that Vodou was often referred to as â€Å"a cult dedicated to spirits. † Hurbon did not let the wording of her description interfere with the way information was conveyed, however, I found it quiet bias that she would call Vodou a cult. Personally I associate the word cult with negative connotations. It is unclear whether Hurbon planned on conveying Vodou in a negative light, but one thing is for certain a cult describes a group of people or the communal bond that Vodou encourages. In Michel’s and Smith’s book, Voodou in Haitian Life and Culture: Invisible Powers, The authors proceed to explain how the â€Å"magical† or â€Å"superstitious† aspect of Vodou conveys a sense of community among its supporters. The authors show that not only is Vodou practice a family effort, but a community effort as well. Smith and Michel both depict a type of Vodou were literally everyone in a community is involved. From small children to the eldest members of a community, all play an important role in carrying on and performing the tradition of Vodou culture. The elaborate rituals and preparation described by the authors is only made possible through communal efforts. From my understanding of the community in Vodou culture, it appears that only through community and unity can tradition be kept alive. Despite any negative connotations Vodou may have, each author showed how important Vodou is in respects to several aspects of Haitian culture. Vodou is not only a religious matter, but also a political, economic, and social one as well. On May 14, 2013 guest lecturer Carnie Fabious stated, â€Å"Vodou is a way of life. † This statement alone sums up what Vodou was, and what Vodou continues to be in regards to Haitian culture. Fabious’ words show the importance that Vodou plays in all aspects of Haitian life, and demonstrates how relative the religion is to such a vast group of people.

Psych-meaning :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book I read was called, Man’s Search for Meaning, by Viktor Frankl. Viktor Frankl was psychiatrist and philospher who lived through the nazi era, one of the most dehumanizing periods of history, came face to face with conditions that most people couldn’t deal with psychologically. He made the conclusion that the sort of person the prisoner becomes is the result of an inner decision and not the result of outside influences alone. Through observation (in concentration camps, and as a therapist), extensive research, and establishing a doctrine of principles that show the challenges of being human, Frankl developed the idea of logotherapy. Logotherapy is therapy through meaning, derived from the Greek word, logos. The most intriging thought in the book and shows how he faced the challenges may best be summed up in the phrase—â€Å"He who has a ‘why’ to live for can bear almost any ‘how’.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book is divided basically into two sections. The first deals with his experiences in the life of a concentration camp, and the second deals with a description of what logotherapy is and principles of which it is founded on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the book he decribes that his intention of writing the book are not that of to prove factual accounts, for there are many of those already, but to explain their experiences in present day knowledge. He goes on to say ,†No explanations are needed for those who have been inside, and others will understand neither how we felt then of how we feel now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are things which must cause you to lose your reason or you have none to lose.† An Abnormal reaction to an abnormal situation is normal behavior (book). There were a few phases that the prisoner went into as he entered prison life. The first is what Frankl called â€Å"delusional reprieve†. He describes this as the condemened man, immidiately before he gets executed has the illusion that he might be reprieved at the very last minute. As many people were ushered into camps in the beginning, many people hung on to these shreds of hope and believed that these camps wouldn’t be so bad. In this phase people were just beginning to see how bad things were. Frankl tell of how he read somewhere that man cannot live without a stated number of hours—â€Å"Quite wrong!†, He says.

Data Mining Essay -- Technology, Data Processing

1 Data Pre-processing 1.1 k-mers extraction Assume Ka = (a1,a2...ak) is a k-mer of continuous sequence of length k, and a = 1,†¦, S, where S is the cumulative number of k-mers in that series. In the case of a sequence of length L, we have L – k + 1 total number of k-mers that can be given out making use of k length window drifting procedure. 1.2 Generation Of Position Frequency Matrices For the positive dataset, 500 sequences were used to calculate k-mer frequencies from three successive windows. The three windows are: (1) window A, from -75 to -26 bp before the polyA site, (2) window B, from -25 to -1 bp before the polyA site, and (3) window C, from 1 to 25 bp after the polyA site. The highly informative k-mer frequencies (HIK) feature vector consisted of cumulated frequencies of all monomer, dimmer, and trimer frequencies for the three regions. This results in 3 regions x 4 monomer frequencies, 3 x 16 dimer frequencies, and 3 x 64 trimer frequencies. Hence, a total of 252 features are obtained. The negative dataset was computed from frequencies in similarly spaced windows, but from the beginning of 500 other independent sequences (windows: A, -300 to -251 bp; B, -251 to -226 bp; and C, -225 to -201 bp 1.3 Background Probability Feature The label space is written as Y = fp; ng indicating that a sequence with a polyA site is detected (positive class label p) or not detected (negative class label n). A classiffier, i.e., a mapping from instance space to label space, is found by means of learning from a set of examples. An example is of the form z = (x; y) with x 2 X and y 2 Y. The symbol Z will be used as a compact notation for X _Y. Training data are a sequence of examples: S = (x1; y1); : : : ; (xn; ... ...clude GC-rich redundant motifs and diffuse motifs that are difficult to detect. Suggestions and Further Research Motif discovery in DNA datasets is a challenging problem domain due to lack of understanding of the nature of the data, and the mechanisms to which proteins recognize and interact with its binding sites are still perplexing to biologist. Hence, predicting binding sites by using computational algorithms is still far from satisfaction. Many computational motif discovery algorithms have been proposed in the past decade. Like most of these algorithms, it shares some common challenges that require further investigation. The first is the scalability of the system for large scale dataset such as ChIP sequences. The scalability is the ability of a tool to maintain its prediction performances and efficiency while the size of the datasets increases.

Bathing a Baby

———————– Bathing a baby 0-1 years old- At this very young age it is important that your baby is cleaned every night. This doesn’t mean that you should give your baby a bath every night, but you should at least ‘Top and Tail’ your baby. Topping and Tailing ‘Topping and Tailing’ means washing your baby from head to toe with warm, damp cotton wool. This method of washing doesn’t require a bath being made for the baby, however there are a few piece of equipment you will need to top and tail your baby. You will need to collect: †¢ Cotton wool pieces †¢ A towel A bowl with warm water (38 °c) †¢ A clean nappy †¢ Changing mat for nappy change How to Top and Tail your baby: 1. Gather all the equipment together before you begin. 2. Undress your baby down to their nappy and wrap them in a towel. Making sure their face isn’t covered. 3. The next step is to get a piece of c otton wool, dip it into the water and then clean your baby’s eyes, wiping from the inner corner outwards. It is extremely important to use a fresh piece of cotton wool for each eye, in case your baby has an infection which could be transferred from one eye to the other. . Next clean around their nose, the skin creases around his neck and under his chin, using a different piece of cotton wool. Then clean the contours of their ears, then their face. 5. You should then use the towel to dry the baby lightly. 6. You can then clean the rest if their body if you want, using a different piece of cotton wool each time. You can clean their hands, under their arms and around their belly button, and then you can remove their nappy. 7. Changing cotton wool frequently, you then need to clean the nappy area.You must always ensure that you wipe your from front to back on a girl to avoid transferring any germs to her genitals. 8. Lastly, you should pat your baby dry then put on a clean nappy and put their clothes back on. Bathing you baby becomes part of their daily routine. When your baby is young you may find that you bath them during the day. However, it is always good to make bath time part of the night time routine before your baby goes to bed. It is very important to understand how to bath your baby correctly, so that your baby is safe.Bathing your baby When bathing your baby you need get all the equipment together beforehand, such as: †¢ Cotton wool pieces †¢ A towel †¢ A baby bath with warm water (38 °c) †¢ A clean nappy How to Bath your baby: 1. Firstly, you should wash your hands and get all the equipment together that you need for bath time. 2. You should then fill the bath with cold water first, and then add hot water to get the bath to the right temperature (38 °c). To test the temperature you should use your elbow and the water should feel lukewarm. 3.Bring your baby to the bath area and remove your baby’s clothes. Wrap your baby in a towel, keeping their head exposed so you can wash their face and hair before you put them in the bath. 4. Wash your baby’s eyes, ears, face and neck as you would for topping and tailing. 5. Hold your baby so that their head is over the bath water and wash their scalp with a wet, soapy flannel or just water. Rinse their hair carefully and dry it. 6. Now take off your baby's nappy. If there are faeces in the nappy,  clean your baby's genitals  and bottom before putting them in the bath. . Gradually slip your baby into the bath feet first, using one hand to support their neck and head. The water should be covering their shoulders so that they don't get cold. 8. Use the cotton wool pieces to clean your baby from top to bottom, front and back. 9. Rinse your baby thoroughly, and then lift them out of the bath. Lift them with one hand supporting their neck and head and your other hand under their bottom. 10. Wrap your baby in a towel and dry them thoroughly, checking t hat folds of skin around the groin and neck are dry.Then put a clean nappy on them. You can then redress your baby. 1-3 years old- Toddlers tend to become messier and dirtier as they are now mobile. Therefore, it is really important that they are regularly having baths to keep them clean. Toddlers should be bathed every night and their hair should be washed at least once a week. When bathing your toddler it is very important that the water is not too hot or cold as this will make it uncomfortable for them. Therefore, you should check the water temperature using your elbow.You should also use a non-slip mat in the bath now so that the child does not slip and you should ensure that your toddler is not stand up in the bath It is essential that your child is never left unattended in a bath, as a child can drown very quickly in only a small amount of water. To wash your child you should use a child friendly liquid soap or body wash squeezed onto a wet sponge or cloth. You should use this to wash their body and then rinse off the excess soap. You should use a cup or a little bowl to rinse the soap off. You should always your child’s face, hands, and bottom.Cleaning their face and hands helps to get rid of germs and dirt. Washing your child’s bottom reduces the chances of nappy rash or irritation of the skin. You should save washing your child’s bottom till last and once you used the sponge on their bottom or other privates, set it aside and don’t use it again until you wash it. To wash your toddler’s hair you should use a children’s shampoo that won’t sting their eyes. To wash your child’s hair you should start by tilting their head back and pouring water over their head to wet the hair.You should then add a small amount of shampoo and should work it in the wet hair. Finally, you will need to tilt their head back, shield their eyes with your hand and rinse the shampoo out by pouring water over their head again. It is useful to have a dry towel handy to wipe away water and shampoo that gets in their face or eyes. Once your toddler has been washed you should take them out of the bath and you should dry them off with a towel. At this age it is important to let your child to start learning how to wash on their own.Therefore, you should talk through the routine with your child, telling them what you are doing at each stage. You could also let your wash themselves with the sponge and rub the shampoo into their hair; however you should always be close at hand in case they get soap in their eyes. You should also make bath time fun for your toddler by using lots of bubbles and bath toys, e. g. boats, rubber ducks, cups etc. Also, toys that squirt water are always fun for your child to play with, although the chances are that you may get a little wet! -5 years old- Your child should now be becoming more independent at bath time and may undress themselves for bath time. They will become more involve d in washing themselves, although you are still there to supervise them during bath time. They will also be familiar with the routine of bath time, although they may still make a fuss about bath time. Therefore, it is important that you make it as fun as possible for them. There are lots of different, new and exciting bath time toys for children to play with. You can buy soap crayons hich allow children to draw on themself, on the bath or on tiles. These crayons come in different colours and they wash off. You could also get Stick-on shapes to stick to the sides of the bath and walls. Also, bath time books are good. These books are waterproof and you can get involved in your child’s bath time by ready them the story. You can also make up games for them to play during bath time, like I spy, or you could make a treasure hunt by throwing lots of different toys into the bath for your child to find. -8 years old- Children around 6-7 years old are now capable of bathing or showerin g alone and should be given more privacy. You should teach your child how to turn on and off the taps and you should show them how to heat up the bath properly by turning on the cold water first, then gradually warm it up and testing it. You should also go over the basic safety rules of bath time, for example, don't hop in and out of the bath, use just a small bit of shampoo, and be extra careful getting in and out of the bath.You can now also help to teach your child on how to use a shower. It is important that you stay close and within earshot of the bathroom, in case of any problems but as long as your child knows how and what to clean, you should let them have some privacy. Your child is now in control of their own cleanliness, so you should ensure that your child knows how to fully rinse their hair, and you should keep on reminding them about washing everywhere, including behind the ears and down at the feet.