They Just Dont Understand Essay -- Personal Narrative Family Culture

They Just Dont Understand As the weekend drew in I knew that its going to be another battle between my mom and me. About whether or not it is acceptable for me to stay out till the club closes, or if I should still stay home and live like a hermit and study. I respect my mom very much, and in no way do I want to give her a hard time, but come on If your 18,19 years old dont you feel that you deserve at least a little bit of freedom. People always tell me that she is worried about you because you are her only son and things like that, which I already understand. I know that every ones parents feel like that about them. I think that what adds to the fire is the fact that she was raised whole different than me, in a totally different country with totally different customs. This I feel has a g reat effect on the way she treats me here in America flock go out to clubs, people party and have fun on the weekends, where my mom grew up it was totally different. My mom was raised on a down(p) farm in Rorzniaty Poland it is a really tiny town, not even two miles in total going north, south, east, and west. Her parents were pretty religious folks and she was a total study addict. All she would do is help out in the field come back home bathe, eat and study. There were really no clubs or anything she can go to, and only from time to time did the civilize have a dance. Basically her child hood consisted of studying. After high school she went on to the University of Krakow where she studied education. Only then did she start to live a li... ...e that we are not in Poland any more and that most of my years were spend here so I adapted to the way things are. She should really try to adopt to the way things are here, and I do talk to her and it is getting ruin but still there ar e those times where it all just goes back to square one and it seems like all the talks were just a waste of time.Many different cultures and many different generations willing be put through the same cycle, some(prenominal) will adapt and others will not, some will try others will not, but either way we all should just try to bare with them because the chances are that the ones who will be against you doing what you do will be your parents, and whether it is going to be because of there age difference or there cultural difference, is up to them, but I guess in a way it is up to us to understand them if its so hard for them to understand us.

The Negro Leagues:History and Baseball Essay -- Baseball History Racis

INTRODUCTIONOver the decades, African American teams played 445-recorded games against white teams, winning sixty-one percent of them. (Conrads, pg.8) The Negro Leagues were an alternative baseball game group for African American baseball player that were denied the right to play with the white baseball payers in the Major League Baseball Association. In 1920, the frontmost African American League was formed, and that paved the way for numerous African American innovation and movements. Fences, and Jackie Robinson The Biography, raises consciousness about the baseball players that have been overlooked, and the struggle they had to populate simply because of their color. HISTORY OF THE NEGRO LEAGUESIn a more focused sense, the Negro Leagues were an alternative league all in its own. It was primarily established for African Americans so they could play baseball, since they were prohibited from experiencing both type or action mechanism with whites. The reason this league was separ ate was because of the Jim Crow laws that had been enacted during the early 1900s, but in an self-opinionated none, I feel that whites simply didnt want to be outdone by their counterparts - African Americans. They basically stated that African Americans could not participate in any activity with whites, whether it is of public or unsocial nature. These laws displayed the mentality of the time, which inevitably filtered into the realm of baseball at this point, segregation had gone so far as to prohibit any blacks from merely playing baseball with whites. It was not until 1933, when a former pitcher, Andrew Rube Foster, formed the first black league, called the Negro National League, which contained such teams as the St. Louis Stars, Pittsburgh Crawfords, Philadelphia Stars, New York capital of Nebraska Giants, and the Newark Eagles. Then, in 1937, the Negro American League was formed to rival the opposing Negro National League that consisted of the Memphis Red Sox, Kansas City Mo narchs, Cleveland Buckeyes, Detroit Stars, and the Hilldale Daisies. (What AreLeagues Internet) The both leagues go along to go strong until the color line was broken in 1947, when the great Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Because of this, the Negro National League folded following the 1948 season and the Negro American League foldedin 1960. (What AreLeagues Internet) Moreover, just... ...be an economic strength amongst the African American community. It was said, By the end of World War II, when they were at their peak, the Negro Leagues were a two million dollar empire. (Conrads, pg. 9) In fact, it was One of the largest black-dominated business in the country. (Conrads, pg. 9) In fact, it opened up new job opportunities for African Americans as the Negro Leagues gained popularity. It not only acquired money from the African American community, but also from the white community as well white peoples were infatuated with the show that the African Americans dum bfound on for them - they thought African Americans playing baseball, was much like a sea - lion juggling. CONCLUSIONAlthough there was a strong sense of divergence amongst the entire American society during this time, African American have prove to be aides in the process of making the game of baseball conk out for ht future, along with the mentality of the average American. The African American teams were constant reminder that segregation and inequality existed. (Segregation in Baseball Internet) What would baseball be without the greats such as Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, or Ken Griffey Jr.?

Schizophrenia: Effects on the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Schizophrenia Effects on the Brain Schizophrenia is a unhealthiness that affects the capitulum. It alters brain chemistry and brain form to produce the different behavior in those afflicted with the problem. It appears that these alterations change the inherent I-function in each individual. Loss of important functions associated with this piece of the great nervous system box is found in these people. To understand why this occurs, it is necessary to have some background knowledge of what schizophrenia does to a persons brain. The resultant of altered I-function can be drawn as this learning is presented. The symptoms of the disease also aid in the explanation. Schizophrenia results in varied and abnormal responses comp atomic number 18d to those of normal, hearty individuals. The brain of individuals with the disease endures such changes that their basic functions and operations are altered.Schizophrenia is an internal disease caused by fundamental organizational differences in the brain. It begins to be spy in a persons late teens through twenties. Signs of it can be seen from early childhood and it is now being hypothesized that it is actually present during adolescence (1). Since this hypothesis extends to fetal development, brain formation in the earliest stages is effected. The alteration of pathways and deviation of neurotransmitters from normal arrangement is believed to be a factor behind the affliction. The brain of these individuals forms differently. Neurotransmitters are believed to misfire fixture the chemical balance of the brain causing behavioral problems. There are deficits in cortical and subcortical cognitive processes (5). There are also magnified ventricles in the brain causing further impairment of ability (3). When the disease is present there are certain symptoms that are easily recognizable. They fall into ternion categories overt, negative, and positive. The overt symptoms are delusions, hallucinations, alteration of the s enses, inability to sort and then respond appropriately to incoming sensations, an altered sense of self, and changes in behavior (2). The negative symptoms are emotional flatness, inability to start or follow through on activities, brief speech lacking content, and lack of pleasure or interest in life (2). All of these include an inhibition on processing information and further imply a differentiation in the normal self. The basic information above provides a solid background to understanding the disease and already possible problems to a persons I-function can be seen.The afflicted persons lack of knowledge concerning the disease suggests a hindrance to the I-function.

Watergate Chronology :: President Richard Nixon

January20,1969 Richard M. Nixon elected the thirty-seventh president of the United States 1969 Ehrlichman suggests to Caulfield that he leave the White augury and set up aprivate security business that would provide security to the 1972 Nixoncampaign. This project, Sandwedge, would be similar to the Kennedy securityfirm, Intertel. June 5, 1970With the goal of increasing cooperation between heterogeneous intelligence agencieswithin the government, a meeting was called in the Oval Office. Those inAttendance Richard Nixon, J. Edgar Hoover, Richard Helms, and chiefs of theNSA and the DIA. Nixon aide Tom Charles Huston was assigned to work withthe heads of these agencies to facilitate increased cooperation. betimes July,1970The Huston Plan sent to the President. This plan was an addition made byHuston to a plan endorsed by Hoover and Helms (NSA and DIA as well?).Hustons addition called for electronic surveillance, observe activities,surreptitious entries, recruitment of more campus in formants, et al. July 14, 1970Nixon endorses the Huston PlanJuly 27, 1970Hoover visits John Mitchell. Mitchell hears about the Huston plan for the firsttime.Mitchell later goes to Nixon and urges the President to Stop the plan.Nixon later cancelled the plan. phratry17, 1970Mitchell met with John dean. Mitchell discussed the poor job that the FBI wasdoing in the area domestic intelligence. This followed a conversation betweenMitchell, Helms and others from the CIA on a similar topic.September18, 1970John Dean sends a memo to John Mitchell in which he offers a plan forintelligence gathering. "The most appropriate procedure would be to decide on the compositors case ofintelligence we need, based on an assessment of the recommendations ofthis unit, and then to proceed to remove the restraints as neccessary toobtain such intelligence." May 3, 1971Following Nixons decision concerning Laos, Anti-Vietnam activists attempt to closing Washington by blocking roads with stalled cars, human blockades,garbage cans, and other materials. The protests result in over 12,000 arrests.John Dean headed up the White stick out intelligence gathering during this protest.June 13,1971The New York Times begins publication of excerpts from "The PentagonPapers". The Pentagon Papers was a 7,000 page document that was first commissionedby Robert McNamara in June of 1967 for succeeding(a) scholars to use. The Paperswere leaked to the Times by Daniel Ellsberg. Although there were many crucialdocuments that were not included, the Papers did include documents from theDefense Department, the State Department, the CIA, and the White House. June 14,1971John Mitchell sends a conducting wire to the New York Times.Arthur Ochs SulzbergerPresident and PublisherThe New York Times

Seeing Nature Through Our Own Eyes :: Advertisements Advertising Essays

Seeing Nature Through Our Own Eyesmissing works citedCultural signs and messages can be seen everywhere. Advertisements atomic number 18 one example of these signs and messages. All of these advertisements are made depending on what our society wants and how we view things. For example, slicey ads try to imbibe a busy, stressed out, urbanized man to a much peaceable and calm scenario by making a connection of their product to a peaceful part of nature. Since we believe that nature is peaceful and calm, we believe these products will bring us these qualities through nature. If nature were labeled as disturbing and unbearable, then these ads, which try to connect nature with their product, would not attract us. Oscar Wilde also agrees with this when he points out Things are because we see them, and what we see, and how we see it, depends on the Arts that have influenced us(Oates 465). A careful analysis of a few ads can help exemplify this belief. Everything we see, including thes e advertisements of nature, is interpreted differently depending on our background and experiences that has influenced us.All advertisements fall into one or more of three categories defined by Merchant. These categories are hierarchy, dialectics, or pastoral. The hierarchy category includes masculine aspects such as activeness, dominance, and adventure. On the other hand, the pastoral category is the opposite of the hierarchy category and includes more feminine ideas such as passiveness, peacefulness, and motherhood. The remaining dialectic category is one that is hard to define because it is neither active nor passive. This category falls in between hierarchy and pastoral because it contains ads that contain ideas that are neither feminine nor masculine. The following descriptions of the three ads fall into one or more of these categories.The first advertisement of a Nissan Xterra SUV gives you a reference domain of strength, comfort, and power. The ad tries to convince us to buy this SUV, which can be used to conquer nature comfortably. The ads has in big forward letters Couch for Sale, as it tells us that this SUV can be taken to the mountains, the rivers, the oceans, wherever and we can still be comfortable with this new type of couch. The ad tries to make our couch at home seem boring and this SUV not only comfortable but also more fun by tell us rid ourselves of the soft, fluffy cushions and venture to where the fun is.

Seeing Nature Through Our Own Eyes :: Advertisements Advertising Essays

Seeing Nature Through Our Own Eyesmissing works citedCultural signs and messages stinker be seen everywhere. Advertisements argon unitary example of these signs and messages. All of these advertisements are made depending on what our society wants and how we view things. For example, many ads try to attract a busy, stressed out, urbanized man to a more peaceful and calm scenario by making a connection of their product to a peaceful part of nature. Since we believe that nature is peaceful and calm, we believe these products will bring us these qualities through nature. If nature were labeled as disturbing and unbearable, then these ads, which try to connect nature with their product, would not attract us. Oscar Wilde in like manner agrees with this when he points out Things are because we see them, and what we see, and how we see it, depends on the Arts that have influenced us(Oates 465). A careful analysis of a few ads can help exemplify this belief. Everything we see, including these advertisements of nature, is interpreted differently depending on our background and experiences that has influenced us.All advertisements fall into one or more of three categories defined by Merchant. These categories are hierarchy, dialectics, or pastoral. The hierarchy category includes masculine aspects such as activeness, dominance, and adventure. On the other hand, the pastoral category is the opposite of the hierarchy category and includes more powder-puff ideas such as passiveness, peacefulness, and motherhood. The remaining dialectic category is one that is hard to define because it is neither active nor passive. This category falls in between hierarchy and pastoral because it contains ads that contain ideas that are neither feminine nor masculine. The following descriptions of the three ads fall into one or more of these categories.The first advertisement of a Nissan Xterra SUV gives you a reference domain of strength, comfort, and power. The ad tries to convince u s to buy this SUV, which can be used to conquer nature comfortably. The ads has in big bold letter Couch for Sale, as it tells us that this SUV can be taken to the mountains, the rivers, the oceans, wherever and we can still be comfortable with this new type of couch. The ad tries to give way our couch at home seem boring and this SUV not only comfortable but also more fun by telling us rid ourselves of the soft, fluffy cushions and venture to where the fun is.

Friendship in the West & Friendship in Islam Essay

It is natural for people to form admirerships with other(a)s whom they interact with on a regular basis. Friendships rear end be formed through growing up in the same neighbourhood, meeting at school, college, university, social gatherings and via a number of other activities.Friendship is something cat valium amongst people, as yet at that place atomic number 18 different conceptions of it. Some common conceptions include the following friends pull up stakes always stick by your side, you can always rely on a friend, you can speak freely to your friend and tell them your problems, friends like you for who you atomic number 18, etc. When people have personal problems such as disputes with their family members or if they require advice they ordinarily turn to their friends.Friendship in the western hemisphereFriendship in the West is based on benefit. Friends come together on the basis of mutual inte consist, so they result go to the cinema, parties and clubbing together. T hey m pop outh closely the opposite sex freely to each(prenominal) other and hide each others secrets tear down if they involve evil actions. They often gain comfort in backbiting and winging about other people who they dont like. Unfortunately some Islamics carry the westerly nonion of friendship as they follow the crowd sort of than to looking to Islam for solutions.Due to the fact that friendship is based on benefit in the West, it is easy for people to break out with each other, have rows and even become enemies. This happens when their interests conflict and can be over petty things such as not going for a night out with them or big things such as betrayal. In universey cases people even talk negatively about some of their friends in front of others and even betray them by having affairs with their wife, sisters or girlfriend.Friends even become status symbols, so people long to hang out with a particular crowd to look cool. lots crowds have leaders with egos, so sta ying on the right side of certain people is important if you want to be accepted. For some this means sucking up to them, for others it means undertaking actions to make them think youre cool.Friendship in the West is based on using each other. The proof of this can be seen in the fact that when friends became unusable they drift apart. Typically, if some peerlesss friend was to suddenly change and stop clubbing, partying and drooling over the opposite sex at either opportunity they would start tr tuckering them differently and normally break out with them.Especially if this person begins to account them when they are wrong and advise them upon their actions repeatedly. As an example if someone begins to practise Islam and stops committing Haram and advises his friends to do the same. Those with the Western concept of friendship would change their attitude towards them and they would be distanced and only occasionally spoken to. The reason for this is that it at that place is no much benefit in their eyes to keep a close relationship with them, in fact it entirely contradicts their lust for pleasure as when the person speaks about Islam it is seen as an attack on their lifestyle.Friendship in Western societies is normally false as the society is founded on greed, individualism and following lusts. Friendship in Islam is true as it is based on sincerity, trust and Taqwa (piety).Friendship in IslamIslam recognises that a Muslim get out naturally spend more time with certain people and be more comfortable with them in raising their personal problems and issues. This does not mean in any way that the rest of the Muslims are not their chum salmons and sisters whom they whop, instead all that it means that they will be closer to certain people than others just as people are usually closer to their family than others.Islam recognises that friends have a strong influence on people and that their environment will affect the strength of their relationship wi th Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala). The illusionist (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,A person follows the Deen (way of life) of his close friend therefore let each of you look carefully at whom he chooses for friends TirmidhiA Muslim should choose friends that will advise him and remind him of Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala) rather than lure him to the path of Shaytan. It has as well as been narrated that our friends in the Dunya (world) will be our friends in the Akhira (afterlife). It is therefore vital for a Muslim to choose good friends.The love between 2 Muslim friends is such that they would commit in each other, help each other in clock of need and strengthen each others commitment to the Deen of Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala). The visionary (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) encouraged for Muslims who have love for each other not to keep it to themselves.It has been narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Adaabul-Mufrad (no. 191) that Allahs courier (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,If one of yo u loves his brother for Allahs sake, then let him tell him since it causes familiarity to endure and firmly establishes love.Abu Huraira narrated that the seer (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,You will not enter Paradise until you suppose, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not guide you to something which if you carry out you will love one another. Spread as-Salaam amongst yourselves. MuslimFriendship in Islam is not based on using each other on the contrary, helping each other to stay away from the Haram is fundamental to it. How could someone watch his brother burn without doing anything to save him? A person who did that would be ones worst enemy rather than a friend. Therefore Muslims always warn and advise each other. The prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,Each of you is the mirror of his brother, so if he sees any fault in him he should wipe it away from him. TirmidhiThis means the purpose of confiding secrets to each other wouldnt be as in the Western values where people confide their secrets to feel good knowing that they will not be a comeback. Rather in Islam we confide our secrets to our friends to seek their sincere advice and help. So a Muslim will ask his friends about issues relating to marriage, problems within his family, troubles he feels at work or fears that he has.Friendship has rules in Islam unlike in the West to gossip them specially when they are ill, to inquire about their family, feeding them when they are hungry, attending to their needs, keeping their private affairs to yourself and sharing your wealth with them without hesitation. It is related that Ibn Umar (ra) was looking about from right to left in the presence of the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam), who asked the reason for doing so. Ibn Umar replied, There is someone dear to me and I am searching for him, but do not see him. The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) then said,Umar bin Al-Khattab (ra) said, Encountering your brother s lifts all grief. If Allah blesses you with good relations with another Muslim, hold fast to it.Rule of friendship with non-MuslimsAs Muslims living in the West we interact with non-Muslims on a daily basis whether at work, University, college or in society at large. It is incorrect for us to cut ourselves completely from them and live in isolation. We should aim at building relationships with them in wander to travel by them Dawa to embrace Islam. Therefore we should have them as acquaintances, however this does not mean that we are allowed to have them as close friends, as Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala) saysO you who believe, take not into intimacy those outside your ranks they will not fail to corrupt you. TMQ Al-Imran 118Not taking them as close friends means that you dont share with them your innermost thoughts and feelings. For no matter how swell up you know them, they reject Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala) and His Messenger (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam). The bond of Iman is even stronger than that of kinship. An example of this can be seen after the immense battle of Badr, the Quraysh prisoners of war were bought to the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) who assigned them to the custody of individual Muslims. The Messenger (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said, Treat them well. Amongst the prisoners was Abu Aziz ibn Umayr, the brother of Musab ibn Umayr (ra).Abu Aziz narrates what happened, I was among a group of AnsaarWhenever they had lunch or dinner they would shit me bread and dates to eat in obedience to the Prophets instruction to them to treat us well. My brother, Musab ibn Umayr, passed by me and said to the man retention me prisoner, Tie him firmly His mother (i.e. Musabs own mother) is a woman of great wealth and maybe she would ransom him for you. Abu Aziz ibn Umayr could not believe his ears. Astonished, he turned to Musab and asked My brother, is this your instruction concerning me? Musab ibn Umayr (ra) replied, He is my brother, not you poin ting to the Ansaari Sahabi holding him, affirming that in the battle between the Haq and the Batil, the bonds of Iman are stronger than the ties of kinship.ban of backbiting, slander, envy, jealousy & marksThe relationship of friendship is one of trust as a good Muslim is trusdeucerthy and not deceitful, betraying or a backbiter. In human beings this makes the love between friends in Islam stronger than friendship according to Western values as there is no constant thinking about whether your friend is speechmaking ill of you to other people or whether they are having a hidden relationship with your sister or wife.Islam has prohibited backbiting and slander and thus removing the cause of qualm and doubt amongst people. Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala) saysNeither backbite one another. Would one of you love to eat the flesh of his dead brother. You abhor that (so abhor the other) And keep your transaction to Allah. Lo Allah is Relenting, Merciful. Al-Hujarat 12It is narrated by Abu D awud on the authority of Anas (RA), the Messenger of Allah saidOn the night of Isra I passed by some people who had copper nails and they were clawing their faces and chests with them. I asked Jibriel Who are these persons? He said These are the people who eat the flesh of human beings and disgrace them.Islam also forbids envy and jealousy which are the common causes of problems amongst friends in Western societies. The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,Do not have malice against a Muslim do not be envious of other Muslims do not go against a Muslim and forsake him. O the slaves of Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala) Be like brothers with each other. It is not violable for a Muslim to desert his brother for over three days. Sahih Muslim, TirmithiBelittling each other is almost a pastime in the West. The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,The believer can do no worse than belittle his brother. Iyah Uloom ad DeenA Muslim should not hold grudges against another Muslim even if th ey are differing personalities. The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) warned against this when he said,The furnish of Paradise will be open on Mondays and on Thursdays, and every servant of Allah who associates nothing with Allah will be forgiven, except for the man who has a grudge against his brother. About them it will be said Delay these two until they are conciliate delay these two until they are reconciled delay these two until they are reconciled. MuslimFriends should feel at ease with each other without feeling inferior or superior. Egos must be tamed according to Islam. The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said, A man is on a par with the Deen of his friend and there is no good in the fellowship of one who does not regard you as highly as himself. Iyah Uloom ad DeenConcealing faultsIt is important to conceal a friends faults, this does not mean that we ignore them it means that we advise them and help them overcome their shortcomings.Uqbah ibn ameer narrated that the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,He who sees something which should be kept hidden and conceals it, it will be like the one who has brought to life a girl buried alive Hadith 2292 Abu DawudAbu Hurayrah narrated that Allahs Apostle (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,He who conceals (the faults) of a Muslim, Allah would conceal his faults in the world and in the Hereafter. Allah is at the back of a servant so long as the servant is at the back of his brother. Hadith 1245 MuslimGenerosity & KindnessSharing wealth with others is greatly encouraged in Islam. This encourages trust and closeness amongst people. It is sometimes difficult for Muslims to grasp this principle especially when they are affected by Western society which promotes greed and selfishness. Giving someone something without expecting anything in return is uncommon in the West even amongst friends. When the non-Muslims give each other presents such as on Birthdays, Christmas, New Years or when someone leaves the work place it is done more out of tradition and knowing that they will get something in return rather than sincerity.Imam Bukhari narrated that our beloved Messenger Muhammad (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) saidNone amongst you believes (truly) till one likes for his brother, that which he loves for his himself.Examples of this perspective towards others can be clearly seen in the blighters of the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam).It is transmitted by Imam Ahmad, in Al-Bidayah, volume 3, page 228 that Anas (ra) narrated, When Abdur-Rahman ibn Auf (ra) immigrated to Medina, the Messenger of Allah (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) established brotherhood between him and Sad ibn Al-Ansari (ra). Afterwards Sad said to Abdur-Rahman ibn Auf, O my brother I am a wealthy person of Medina. whole step Here is half of my wealth, take it I have 2 wives. I will divorce one of them whom you like more so that you may unify her. Abdur-Rahman ibn Auf replied, May Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala) prospe r your family and wealth, just show me the way to the market so that I may make my fortune with my own hands.The Ansaar of Medina were super generous to their brothers, the Muhajireen from Makkah. Abu Hurairah (ra) account that they once approached the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) with the request that their orchards of palm trees should be distributed equally between the Muslims of Medina and the Muslims of Makkah. But the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) was reluctant to put this heavy appoint upon them. It was, however, decided that the Muhajireen would work in the orchards along with the Ansaar and the yield would be divided equally amongst them.Friends should have informality with each other so that they are not hesitant in asking for anything when in need. This can be seen from the example of the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) and his dear friend Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) had stayed at his polarity when after arriving i nto Madina whilst he was waiting for the mosque to be built. The Prophet stayed in Abu Ayyubs house for almost seven months until his mosque was completed on the open space where his camel had stopped. He then go to the roots which were built around the mosque for himself and his family. He thus became a neighbour of his friend Abu Ayyub.Abu Ayyub continued to love the Prophet with all his heart and the Prophet also loved him dearly. There was no formality between them. The Prophet continued to regard Abu Ayyubs house as his own. The following anecdote tells a great deal about the relationship between them. Abu Bakr (ra) once left his house in the burning heat of the midday sun and went to the mosque. Umar (ra) saw him and asked, Abu Bakr, what has brought you out at this hour? Abu Bakr said he had left his house because he was terribly hungry and Umar said that he had left his house for the same reason. The Prophet came up to them and asked What has brought the two of you out at t his hour? They told him and he said, By Him in Whose hands is my soul, only hunger has caused me to come out also. But come with me.They went to the house of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. His wife opened the door and said, delightful to the Prophet and whoever is with him.Where is Abu Ayyub? asked the Prophet. Abu Ayyub, who was working in a nearby palm grove, heard the Prophets voice and came hurriedly. Welcome to the Prophet and whoever is with him, he said and went on O Prophet of God, this is not the time that you usually come. (Abu Ayyub used to keep some food for the Prophet every day. When the Prophet did not come for it by a certain time, Abu Ayyub would give it to his family). You are right, the Prophet agreed. Abu Ayyub went out and cut a cluster of dates in which there were ripe and half ripe dates.I did not want you to eat this, said the Prophet. Could you not have brought only the ripe dates? O Rasulullah, please eat from both the ripe dates (rutb) and the half ripe (busr). I s hall slaughter an animal for you also.. If you are going to, then do not kill one that gives milk, cautioned the Prophet. Abu Ayyub killed a young goat, cooked half and grilled the other half. He also asked his wife to bake, because she baked better he said. When the food was ready, it was placed before the Prophet and his two companions. The Prophet took a piece of meat and placed it in a loaf and said, Abu Ayyub, take this to Fatima. She has not tasted the like of this for days. When they had eaten and were satisfied, the Prophet said reflectively Bread and meat and busr and rutb Tears began to flow from his eyes as he continuedThis is a bountiful blessing about which you will be asked on the Day of judgment. If such comes your way, put your hands to it and say, Bismillah (In the name of God) and when you have finished say, Al hamdu lillah alladhee huwa ashbana wa anama alayna (Praise be to God Who has given us enough and Who has bestowed his humanity on us). This is best. Iyah U loom ad DeenIn putting others first, the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) demonstrated for us excellent examples. He (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) once entered a thicket with one of his companions and gathered two toothpicks, one of them crooked and the other straight. He gave the straight one to his companion, who said, O Messenger of Allah, you are more entitled to the straight one than I The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) replied, When a friend accompanies a friend, if only for one hour of the day, he will be asked to account for his companionship, whether he fulfilled his duty to Allah therein or whether he neglected it. Iyah Uloom ad DeenOn another occasion the Messenger of Allah (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) went out to a well in order to wash. Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman took a robe and stood masking the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) whilst he washed. Then Hudhayfa (ra) sat down to wash himself and Muhammad (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) took the robe and screened Hud hayfa (ra) from view. Hudhayfa objected saying, My father be your ransom, and my mother too O Messenger of Allah, do not do it Yet he (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) insisted on holding the robe and said, Each time two people are in company together, the dearer to Allah is he who is kinder to his companion Ihya Uloom ad DeenThe Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) also said, The companions whom Allah considers best are those who are best to their companions. Ahmad & TirmidhiGiving of gifts has also been recommended by the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) and he explained that it creates love between people.It was reported by al-Bukhari in al-Adaabul-Mufrad (no. 594) that Rasool-Allah (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) saidGive gifts and you will love one another.Kindness to our friends, helping them in need and consoling them in times of grief should become natural for us for everyone needs help, a shoulder to cry on and someone to share their joy.Ali ibn Abi Talib (ra) said, Pay attenti on to your brothers for they are your preparedness in this life and in the hereafter. Do you not listen to the cry of the people of the fire?So we have no one to intercede for us nor any dear friend Ash-Shuaraa 100-101Loving someone for the sake of AllahIn the West people love each other for the sake of material benefits whereas in Islam we are encouraged to love each other for the sake of Allah. This means that we would undertake actions with regards to each other that even contradict our personal interests in order aid a friend or further our relationship with them.It was reported by Muslim on the authority of Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) saidA man went to visit a brother of his in another town and Allah deputed an angel to await him on his way, so when he came to him he said, Where are you going? He replied, I am going to visit a brother of mine in this town. He said, Have you done him some favour which you desire to be returned? He said, No, i t is just that I love him for Allah, the Mighty and Magnificent. He said, Then I am a messenger sent by Allah to you (to inform you) that Allah loves you as you have loved him for Allahs sake.The Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) also said,Whoever would like to taste the sweetness of Iman (belief) then let him love a person only for Allahs sake AhmadIt was reported by Abu Dawud that Umar ibn al-Khattab narrated that the Prophet (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said,Indeed from the servants of Allah there are some who are not Prophets, yet they will be envied by the Prophets and the martyrs. It was asked, Who are they? That we may love them. He (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) said, They are people who have mutual love through light from Allah, not due to kinship or ancestry, their faces will be enlightened, upon pillars of light, they will not fear when the people fear, or grieve when the people grieve.Then he (SallAllahu alaihi wasallam) recitedNo doubt Verily, on the friends of Allah t here is no fear nor shall they grieve TMQ 10 62In conclusion, it should be apparent that we cant live in isolation and require company. Friendship provides a natural support structure the Muslim community. Therefore we should ensure that the company we keep helps us in remembering Allah (Subhanahu wa taaala) and strengthens our commitment to Islam. This is more important for us living in the West as the corrupt society continuously bombards us with its poisonous culture and attempts to catch us in its net.

How the Leather Industry Handles a Specific Operations Management Issue or Set of Issues Essay

Operations management is the field which is concerned with organizing and executing physical and technical activities of a firm. These actions are conducted by a cabal of bare-ass real(a)s and processing or assembling the various components, using the services of workers, machines, tools and power. It is a typical integration of many different functions. Operations management plans normally include instructions in principle of general management, manufacturing and output signal system. An operation may be defined as the process of changing input into outputs by adding value to some entity (Edurkar, 2009).The two key functions are to provide a product or service and to sell that product or service. It involves the planning and sharp of all functions necessary for the procurement of the firms product or services. There are some particularized aspects of operations management product or services to empha surface company volume and placement of business feasible for clients and su ppliers, marketing strategies, techniques and machinery to make goods, workforce management and training and quality assurance.While establishing a leather industry in Kanpur India or even a small unit, an entrepreneur is required to pay attention to various grounds like size, location and layout as they shape the efficiency of production. Such factors should preferably be considered by the entrepreneur at the project planning stage, and they must be cautious to the highest degree them at the project implementation stage. A leather industry is commonly comprised of four arenas the foremost and primary sector being the tanning and finishing sector (Singh, 2002).This phase in the production process possesses a lot of importance because the leather industry involves both small and heavy industries, so its size varies and depends upon the accessibility and accessibility of a large raw material base. Countrys livestock like buffaloes and goats provide basic raw materials for this indu stry. Some factors determine the size of the industry like land, building, etc. Size of land should be enough to take care of present and future requirements like storage of raw material and finished goods.Kanpur in Utter Pradesh is a city which enjoys abundant availability of raw material and it is very easy to establish a leather production unit there because it also has basic infrastructure for this business (Bhargava, n. d. ). As proper location of an enterprise is crucial for its success, so Kanpur is the place where a tonic entrepreneur can establish his leather business easily, because availability of raw material and cheap ball-hawking labor is not a big dish out as it has a professionally developed leather market. The first issue of operations management is the designing of a system.This begins with product development. It should start with the assessment of customer needs and gradually grow into product design. The competence and apparatus that will produce a product, as well as the information system infallible to observe and control performance, are part of this design process. As far as the leather industry or unit is concerned, one factor is sooner interesting and encouraging that this business in developing countries like India is not as difficult or complicated in terms of competence and equipment needed.For example, a newcomer can initiate a small cottage leather industry with reasonable investment and can get a cheap skilled labor force. Kanpur is the largest centre of buffalo based leather in India. Its tannery industry (tanning is the process of preserving skins of animals to produce leather) began during the British rule and the industry has continued to grow since then. some of the tanneries are small, so it is quite feasible for an entrepreneur to initiate a leather-oriented business in this region.Leather production system design in the specific region is dependent upon the existing resource base. During recent years, most of the le ather industries have shifted from industrialized to developing countries. Reasons can be frequent availability of raw material, cheap labor cost and flexible environmental regulations. As environmental regulations are stricter in the industrialized developed world, establishing leather business in a country like India can be helpful for an enterprise so that chances of changes in its layout would be minimal.

Corruption and Neoliberalism in the Philippines Essay

Despite this years onslaught of devastating earthquakes, factional rebel sieges, and most recently, record breaking typhoons, the Philippines is doing surprisingly well for itself. In fact, The economist Intelligence Unit reports that though the wreckage caused by last weeks Supertyphoon Haiyan will analogously slow GDP somewhat, economical damage will not be significant, the eastern Visayas region accounting for hardly deuce per cent of the grounds GDP.Economically, at least, the Philippines has had ripe year the root half of 2013 saw GDP growth at 7. 3 percent, the highest growth rate in Asia it saw seen record external direct enthronement levels moved itself from low-income to middle-income country in the World Bank country database and for the first time, became a creditor rather than debtor to the Inter field Monetary Fund (IMF) (Desierto, The Economist). N evertheless, the meagreness rate remains at 27. percent with little movement in the ancient five years, unemplo yment is at seven percent, and underemployment continues to h all over around twenty percent (The Economist Intelligence Unit). Despite record growth levels in the Philippines, large meter of Filipinos unruffled struggle to find employment and meet their basic needs. Foreign Policy and Fund for Peace have named the Philippines as one of their top 60 failed states in the 2013 Failed States Report. Ranking 59 out of 178 countries, the Philippines scored a slightly improved but critical 82. 8 (Failed States).Five of its worst scores occurred in warranter apparatus, including issues like riots and fatalities from rebel activity factionalized elites, including power struggles and flawed elections group grievance, including iolence between groups state legitimacy, including degeneracy, level of government effectiveness, and illicit economies and demographic pressures, including population growth, natural disasters, and distemper (The Indicators). The aftermath of recent disasters and rebel conflict are likely to raise these evaluate for the coming report, bringing the Philippines closer to the brink of failure.Why, in the midst of singular economic growth, is the country faring so poorly in terms of organic evolution indicators like poverty and political stability? Mainstream development discourse assures that rapid economic growth leads to evelopment and poverty reduction, but this has yet to be the case for Filipinos. In a previous paper I discuss the issue of the accuracy, reliability, and focus of poverty measurements and the development discourse itself, but there are larger factors at play as well.In this paper, I discuss how the history of putrefaction and neoliberalism, two contested but highly influential issues, have negatively impacted development as a whole in the Philippines and perpetuated the poverty of its population. According to a recent poll by the online periodical The Philippine Star, an verwhelming majority of the Filipino online hu man race viewed corruption as the single largest cause of poverty in the Philippines. Revisiting transparency Internationals statistics in the Corruption Perceptions Index, Filipinos scored their country a 34 on a scale of 0- vitamin C, with O being highly corrupt and 100 being very clean (2012). individualized experience recalls an overt general mistrust in government officials having the peoples interests at heart, and a serial of news reports detailing impeachments and scandals related to graft and corruption within two government and ongovernmental organizations from 2010 to 2012. Despite being an independent democracy since the late 1940s (the Marcos regimens dictatorial break notwithstanding), the Philippines has suffered corrupt government officials in almost every presidency, most notably those of Marcos, Estrada and Arroyo (The Economist Intelligence Unit).According to Dr. Diane Desierto in an op-ed vocation out to current chairman Benigno Aquino, corruption has strai ned the Philippine economy for decades, and the unrecoverable public funds lost to corruption at the cost of national investment is a national outrage. Most recently in the news is the Pork Barrel Scandal, where President Aquino and the ombudsmen have charged 3 senators, 2 agent lawmakers, and a businesswoman for misusing over $200 million in state funds (Hookway).Pork Barrel is a state allocation of funds set excursion for senators to use on development projects of their choice, of which the president says the accused used for fabricated project proposals to take personal kickbacks. Public protests against the scandal have been busive, and the people are calling for not only the eradication of the Pork Barrel fund itself, but of the presidents own spending fund as well. President Aquino faces the dilemma of upholding his strict anticorruption agenda, appealing to the public, and maintaining support of powerful lawmakers and congressmen (Hookway).James Hookway argues that Aquinds decision on the scandal will heavily determine foreign investor confidence in the Philippines, influencing the path of the countrys development. Indeed most development professionals agree that corruption and good-for-nothing governance are inversely related to the development of a country. The worst indicators in the Philippine Failed States Report outwardly suggest governance issues re a threat to the state and a major cause of internal violence and conflict. straightforward governance has been the recent focus of legion(predicate) World Bank projects, the group stating that, a capable and accountable state creates opportunities for poor people, provides better services, and improves development outcomes (qtd. in Bello, Is Corruption the Cause? ). Jeffrey Sachs names governance failures as a top factor in a countrys economic stagnation and decline and William Easterly argues that bad governments, not a poverty trap, are sole culprits in the economic decline of a country (Sachs 57 Easterly 43).Easterlys stance on corruption is tough continuing to provide aid to countries with corrupt governments is inefficient, as most countries with bad governments fare significantly worse even with aid than do countries with good governments (42). In the Philippines, all signs in mainstream discourse point to corruption as the major reason for continuing poverty despite high economic growth. and there is a small but growing number of people arguing otherwise. According to activists like Walden Bello, plot of ground corruption is detrimental to the trust and lesson bonds of a democracy, it is not the principal cause of poverty.Between 1990 and 000, he argues, the Philippines and China reported the same levels of corruption yet China grew by 10. 3 percent, while the Philippines grew by only 3. 3 percent (Is Corruption the Cause? ). It is not corruption, he says, but the negative effects of neoliberal adjustment policies that have well-kept poverty levels at the rate the y are today (Bello). As Peet and Hartwick explain, neoliberalism was the economic response to Keynesian economics and the failures of Import Substitution Industrialization (IS) that took hold of development discourse in the 1970s with the rise of the Reagan and Thatcher administrations.Influenced by Hayeks theories, neoliberalism favored free markets and minimal government involvement outside of controlling interest rates and money supply (Peet 78-83). In response to the economic crises brought on by ISI in the 70s and 80s, developed nations and international organizations (10s) came up with the Washington Consensus, a list of insurance policy reforms and conditions for debtor countries to the IMF to follow in order to receive loans.Reforms included fiscal discipline, decreased public expenditures, tax reform, low interest rates, trade rest and deregulation, privatization of public goods, and an increase in oreign direct investment (FDI) (Peet 84). According to Walden Bello, neoli beralism has become a hegemony of economic paradigm, especially in the Philippines. After the forced exile of Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquinds rise to power, Bello says the country was more than primed for neoliberal structural adjustment policies when it turned to the World Bank during an economic crisis in the 80s (Neoliberalism).A number of factors led the Philippines to powerfully dumbfound to neoliberal policies. One, technocrats close to former President Aquino were highly find outd by Reagan, Thatcher, and the free-market economic paradigm. Two, the University of the Philippines School of Economics published its anti-Marcos White Paper on the Philippine Economy, capturing the pop mood of the time that Marcos was proof that the state had become subject to crony capitalism and was an inefficient source of development progress. Three, international events like the collapse of European affectionateism, the successful revitalization of U.S. and British economies, and the rise of newly industrialized Asiatic countries (though Bello argues these countries successes bore more from protectionism than neoliberalism) inspired the Philippine elites and middle class, who had the most influence over olicy discourse (Neoliberalism). With ISI and Keynesian economics shrouded by bad memories of the Marcos regime, and the Communist partys preoccupation with the anti-fascist struggle, Bello states there were no credible alternatives for the country but neoliberalism.In the 90s the Ramos administration kicked structural adjustment into high gear, being one of the few administrations in the region to fully adhere to IMF conditions. Focal to Philippine adjustment was massive tariff liberalization and deregulation to increase FDI and speculative investment, as well as a furious signing of multilateral ariff agreements with the WTO, ASEAN, the IMF, and the United Nations (Bello). The economy grew 4 percent during Ramos presidency, until the Asian Crisis hit the Phili ppines in 1997.Suddenly, $4 6 billion in speculative investments tlew out ot the country, triggering a downward slide into economic recession and stagnation. With the WTO Agreement in Agriculture, the Philippines went from a food net exporter to a net importer ( in particular in rice, a main staple of the local agriculture sector), sparking a crisis of food insecurity and a tone ending of Job security in the agricultural manufacturing. The Philippines as well saw its local textile and manufacturing industries fail by the early years of this decade, the countrys textile industry had shrunk from 200 to less than 10 firms (Bello, Neoliberalism).Loss of local industry was supposed to be bolstered by consumer welfare and increase spending as foreign investment brought diverse and stable employment but this has not been the case for the Philippines rather unemployment and underemployment rates have remained at a consistent high. Despite this and recent protests against globalization in the country, neoliberalism emains the central focus of economic policy in the Philippines (Bello).Ligaya Lindio McGovern also feels neoliberal policies and unequal globalization have been detrimental to the welfare of the Philippines, not only from a macroeconomic standpoint, but from a micropolitical level as well. According to McGovern, neoliberal policies implemented in the Philippines have only proven to benefit foreign actors and investors, perpetuating poverty in the country and detrimentally affecting the welfare of women and youth in particular (2).Food insecurity due to restricted agricultural rag in world markets and an increased ependency on imports (coupled with fixed high prices to maximize profits) hurts women as they are mainly responsible for the nutritional welfare of the family. Privatization of water and social services puts foreign control over formerly local businesses, limiting the poors access to health care and clean water.Foreign influence over industry ha s led to the contractualization of labor, meaning short- term, low pay work that puts workers in a weak bargaining position. This has led to a massive loss of Jobs, setting preconditions for migration as Filipinos (mostly female domestic workers) go abroad to find work. This has subsequently led to an increased vulnerability in Filipino women for exploitation, downward mobility, and loneliness, and has been a root cause of the rise of human trafficking that has plagued the Philippines in recent years (McGovern 5-14).Ligaya argues that it is neoliberalism and the one-sided distribution of globalization-not corruption-that has led to a rise in militant groups a good deal(prenominal) as GABRIELA, Migrante International, and the New Peoples Army, all of whom fght against foreign and American imperialism through economic policy (McGovern 21). In recent years, the ideas of Bello and McGovern have taken hold, particularly hrough development economists like Easterly.While lamenting bad go vernments as a source of gross inefficiency in foreign aid appropriation, Easterly also speaks strongly against the macroeconomic, universally applicable solutions to poverty offered up by neoliberal policies. He argues such policies are too big and too utopian with too much distance between principals at the top and implementers at the bottom to provide proper feedback and accountability, too much collective responsibility to create incentive, and too many large, nonspecific tasks bogging down change agents on the field to be effective (14-18).What, then, in light of both arguments as any corruption or neoliberalism as the major source ot poverty and inequali i the Philippines to do to resolve its gap between economic and social development? For Bello, the administration mustiness rid itself of the neoliberal hegemonic stronghold and adopt alternative economic policies that focus on local empowerment of the people and permanent national employment. Getting over neoliberalism, he says, involves acquiring beyond the worship of numbers that often acts as a shroud to the real, beyond the scientism that masks itself as a science (Bello, Neoliberalism).McGovern advocates a similar, though more drastic route a new Philippine state altogether that creates national alternatives to the neoliberal agenda (21). Like Stiglitz argues in his book, McGovern feels that true globalization has never been experienced, as powerful, industrialized countries controlling the flow of goods maintain protectionist policies in their own states while pushing for liberalization that benefits them in poorer countries (3 Stiglitz 62-101).In order for globalization to function, protectionist policies must also be advocated in industrializing countries, if not to the extent that ISI brought them in other regions. Proponents of free trade and economic development, on the other hand, argue that the Philippines must maintain its rapid GDP growth, continue to improve speculative investment cli mate, implement a broader tax base, and increase foreign ownership of its economic sectors (Elkan). In other words, institutions like the IMF continue to push neoliberal policy as an effective means for development.Increasing speculative investment and foreign direct investment means combatting corruption and bad governance for most proponents of the dominant discourse the corruption scandals that have haunted the Philippines for decades have been a indrance to a thriving economy and led to increased political violence, and must be dealt with in order to see a reduction of poverty in the country. Ultimately, though, it is difficult to see how focusing on either one factor will lead to any real improvement in social welfare without also addressing the other the two are both too entrenched in Philippine government.These are not dichotomous factors, rather they are deeply intertwined and coexistent in influencing poverty and social instability. Personal experience lends insight into in stances where both corruption and neoliberal effects on society were clear. With a stipend affording me middle-class status in my neighborhood, I still could not afford to buy rice from the local farmers, and could barely afford the only slightly cheaper imported rice. During election time, the Congresswoman led a mass campaign to expand the main highway, only to abandon the project post-elections, leaving the road broken and difficult to traverse.Viewing development as a sundry(a) and interconnected process comprising both macro and micropolitical elements, resolutions to development issues must also be viewed as such (Sen). Poverty reduction and development in the Philippines must nvolve both the eradication of rampant corruption and alternative options for neoliberal policies, which have largely failed the country outside of real GDP. Additionally, the government must focus its efforts on the needs of its people, rather than its own personal agenda, according to Desierto.In ligh t of the recent typhoon and previous natural disasters, she says, not a single administration has ever committed to making an integrated natural disaster prevention, remediation, and reconstruction system our countrys highest national security priority (Corruption, Climate, and Congress). Every administration nas promised he eradication ot corruption, though. Thus, it seems that the administration has allowed foreign institutions and its own political agenda to distract itself from the true needs of its people, which lie at the core of development.The key to poverty reduction then, in the context of the Philippines, is the increased and direct participation of Filipinos in decision-making for future economic and social policies.

Impact Hammurabi’s Code of Laws and Egyptians Be Human Essay

Select a minimum of TWO 2 primary-source documents easier if a contrast from the list on Blackboard HICC 101 course package as a basis to answer the central questions listed below. In other words, answer the question using evidence from what the actors at the time thought about these issues. eer clearly state your idea first, and then bring up from the source. REMEMBER the term quote should be restricted to a verb form. You are quoting the text, but if you refer to the text, go int say In this quote refer to the statement or text. All quotations from the primary sources must state the authors last strike (or title of book) and page number in parentheses directly following the quote. You will need to quote the most signifi tummyt passages in order to support your claims. cargo area the length of all quotations to a minimum, and make certain that you interpret and point out the meaning of the text texts are never obvious.Quote only what you can explain quotations are only evidenc e for the points you already make In order to reflect on a document you will have to quote it several times. Never quote your professor or class notes they only teach you the natural so you can find evidence in produce texts, like your text book, which you can choose to quote in a limited way, but is not necessary. This assignment is your analysis of the primary sources (thus never vex or end a paragraph with a quotation), and always interpret and explain the quotation in light of the idea that you have made. A near(a) paragraph (in a nut shell) has one central idea, the idea is explained, then evidence is suggested (quote), then interpretation, then conclusion of the idea. Primary Source paper 1 reflect on any of the material in Units I, II, III. Central Question How did civilizations in the ancient world view military manity?What did it mean to be human? Compare and contrast at least two different civilizations (i.e. Mesopotamian, Hebrew, Greek, or Roman). Primary Source pape r 2 reflect on any of the material in Units IV, V. Central Question How did Christians in the European West AD 200-1600 develop the Catholic intellectual tradition? How did they balance the wisdom from Greco-Roman thought with Christian theology, and what balance was developed between faith and reason?Compare and contrast an author from the early medieval period (any Christian thinkers before 1000 AD) with an author from the high Middle Ages or Renaissance period (after 1000 AD). Primary Source paper 3 reflect on any of the material in Units VI on China. Central question What did Chinese authors 1500 BC- AD 220 think was necessary to forge a more just society for the common estimable? Compare and contrast two different authors. You may refer to some of the authors in Units I-V to compare and contrast, but most of the paper should be reflecting on Chinese authors

Exploring Online Consumer Behaviors Essay

The overall objective of this research was to document peoples reactions, attitudes, motivations, and behaviors that have affected online buying behaviors. The conception Wide Web has been accessible to the public now for over twenty years. It came upon the world and exploded in popularity like few things have done in the history of the world. The purpose of this research is to understand how individual behaviors affect online consumerism.According to Hawkins and Mothersbaugh (2010) online consumer behavior can be defined as the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the work at they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideals to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society.There are many variables to consider when outlining behaviors of internet consumerism. Three primary(prenominal) factors are affected by behaviors of online consumers, attitudes towards online obtain, motivations, such as price, convenience and hedonic motivations, and online information search (Vazquez & Xu, 2009). If a person has a positive experience of shopping on the internet, then their attitude will affect the outcome of purchasing online.Online consumers feel more in control when they can search with relative locomote of low prices and special offers. A great motivation of online shopping is the comparison of prices, more information is available online concerning the products, which allows the consumer to make better decisions.The problem of online consumers is important and requires kick upstairs research, because online shopping could become the way of shopping for most of the world. In contrast to this scenario, is the fact that we are losing our ability to maintain a high level of node service on- site. The employees many shoppers encounter seem more to be filling a spot than actively engaging in helping consumers with purchases or nice knowledgeable about what they sell. Online consumerism is not however without its apprehensions.Research conducted by Janda, stated in her article that there were, four consumer online concerns identified, privacy, security, credibility, and virtual experience all having prejudicial effects on consumer purchasing (2008, p. 339). Online consumers are worried about their personal information being collected when purchasing on the internet. The transference of information makes few consumers nervous and they do not want to take the risk. Shipping and return policies is also a major concern along with the credibility of the online retailers when looking into the trade in descriptions.Consumers that had more experience with navigating the internet felt safer and comfortable while using the internet at their residence or on the job, rather than using friendship computers (Koyuncu & Lien, 2003, p. 721). Another negative behavioral pattern documented is that of compulsive buying tendencies. These tendencies to over buy can have detrimental effects on the consumer, notably affecting monies, feelings, and relationships. According to The Relationships Between Consumers Tendencies to Buy Compulsively and Their Motivation to Shop and Buy on the Internet, Somewhere in the midst of five and nine percent of the Statess population could be identified as people who have a propensity to compulsively buy (Kukar-Kinney, Ridgeway, & Monroe, 2009). Motivators of this type of behavior include the really key ingredients of online shopping. These motivations are the following items that whitethorn be purchased at any time, shopping can be done frequently, a broader variety exist, and also purchases may be brought in private.According to this research the following results show that, search costs were the most important motivation, followed by product assortment/price, brand equity, performance costs, customer orientation, and perceived quality. The least important motivation associated with online vendue behaviors was so cial interaction. (Jeon, Crustsinger, & Kim, 2008, p. 36). To determine which factors and variables are associated with online consumer behaviors, several questionnaires will be emailed to a random chosen amount of email participants. The questionnaire will explore which factors and variables have an impact on online behaviors. 1. What factors and variables identify the behaviors of online consumers? 2. What strategies can be formulated to control online behaviors and purchasing?ReferencesHawkins, D., & Mothersbaugh, D. (2010). Consumer behavior and merchandising Strategy. In Consumer Behavior Building Marketing Strategy (11thED.) Columbus, Ohio McGraw- Hill. Janda, S. (2008). Does gender moderate the effect of online concerns on purchase likelihood? diary of Internet Commerce, 7(3), 339-358. doi 10.1080/15332860802250401 Jeon, S., Crustsinger, C., & Kim, H. (2008). Exploring online auction behaviors and motivations. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 100(2), 31-40. doi 1082 -1651Koyuncu, C., & Lien, D. (2003). E-commerce and consumers purchasing behavior. Journal of Applied Economics, 35(6), 721. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA102272684&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w Kukar-Kinney, M., Ridgway, N., & Monroe, K. (2009). The relationship between consumers tendencies to buy compulsively and their motivations to shop and buy on the internet Consumer Behavior and Retailing. Journal of Retailing, 85(3), 298-307. doi 10.1016/j.jretai.2009.05.002 Vazquez, D., & Xu, X. (2009). Investigating linkages between online purchase behaviour variables. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(5), 408. doi http//dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/10.1108/09590550910954900ReferencesJanda, S. (2008). Does gender moderate the effect of online concerns on purchase? likelihood? Journal of Internet Commerce, 7(3), 339-358.Jeon, S., Crustsinger, C., & Kim, H. (2008). Exploring online auction behaviors a nd motivations. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 100(2), 31-40. Koyuncu, C., & Lien, D. (2003). E-commerce and consumers purchasing behavior. Journal of Applied Economics, 35(6), 721.Kukar-Kinney, M., Ridgway, N., & Monroe, K. (2009). The relationship between consumers tendencies to buy compulsively and their motivations to

Squandermania Mentality: the Root Cause of Social Evil

SQUANDERMANIA MENTALITY THE ROOT CAUSE OF SOCIAL EVIL UDEKE CHARLES NDUBUISI POPE JOHNPAUL 11 MAJOR SEMINARY, AWKA emailprotected com preface Nigeria as a nation is rav bestrided by many internal problems. It is no longer wises even to the blind that things are non the govern manpowert agency they should be in our indian lodge. Nigeria problem is hydra-headed. Many scholars bemuse viewed it from the different perspective as corruption, problem of leadership, indiscipline, greediness, consumerism, et cetera. Squander mania brain is not out of the list. The localise at which citizenry spread dollars at occasions is quite embarrassing.The history of Nigerians is that of a mint in search of naira and the ostentatious show of riches. Some people construe squandeermaniarism as a means of ascertaining themselves in the society. So, the more ostentatious you are, the more you are socially recognized and dirty dogonized. The root cause of social venomous in our society is nothin g further consumer consciousness. In bid to have more in indian lodge to slide by extravagantly people often plunder in all kinds of ills like kidnapping, bribery, drug addict, money laundry, stealing, armed robbery, gangsterism, corruption and embezzlement.Squandermania consciousness has turned some of our leaders into caterpillars of common wealth. In fact the plague malice in us has been exalted to the point of genius in some of us. Moreover, in January 1987, the Anambra State government under the governorship of Captain Emeka Omeruah organized a crusade against squandermania. They so accurately deciphered the basis of indiscipline and underdevelopment in our nation as squandermania expectation. In this work we shall be looking at squandermania mentality as the root cause of our social evil and the possible remedy.In order to better appreciate this topic, let us explicate the basic concept. CONCEPTUALIZATION OF TERMS. Squandermania mentality literally means conscious uneco nomical or useless guideing on daily basis. According to Okolo (19949) it is that disposition in a people by which they conceive and judge things by their consumable value. On the whole the society becomes one dominated largely by acquisitive rather than productive instincts. Thus, for him it is freelance(a) consumable outlook on things. Then, Prof. P.N. Ejiofor (19863) viewed the term conspicuous consumption as living above ones resources and for the overall standard of living of the society for ones inordinate self aggrandizement. For him, it is spending unnecessarily. Here, squandermania mentality may be used interchangeably with consumer consciousness or conspicuous consumption. Based on this based backdrop, let us know to what extent squandermania mentality is the root cause of our social evil. SQUANDERMANIA MENTALITY IN NIGERIA THE STORY SO FAR.Today, in our towns and villages, people both rich and poor, foul up in consumer consciousness such as charging astronomically hi gh bride prices, engaging in costly wedding ceremonies, pompous sepulcher ceremonies, expensive chieftaincy title-taking, excessive feasting, excessive eating and drinking, and useless spending in luxurious cars and colossal village mansions. Prof. Ejiofor (198490) attempted to paint a record of an aspect of conspicuous consumption as it pertains to our burial ceremonies. First the corpse may be embalmed, and left in the mortuary for a period ranging from 3 days to two or three months.During this time, a new building is set up, if the dead did not build one in his life time, but if he did, the house and the walls are renovated. In the same vein, pomp and pageantry go with weddings, birthday celebrations, title taking, chieftaincy installations, graduations, ordinations, and house warming ceremonies, etc. In fact, Nigerians are drunk with life of ostentation. We place undue emphasis in poppycock social values as a way of life of a people. Thus material success and possession are highly valued in the social and cultural lives of our people.Peace Pilgrim (198112) articulates it in the following terms, in this materialistic age we have such a false criterion by which to measure success. We measure it in terms of material things. But happiness and inner love-in-idleness do not lie in that direction. Nigeria is the paradigm example of classical consumer society. Okolo(199410) viewed squandermania as the foundation of all our problems. It is the problem behind our problems. To ignore it in our charge of societal ills would be to pursue a phantom, attacking the disease with a proper diagnosis of its cause. We can talk of Nigeria problem without mentioning squandermania mentality.That Nigeria is a consumer society is never an exaggeration, for it is manifested in all their activities. Our society is characterized by unproductive spending, wealth exhibitionism and social importance. Hence, prestige and power are mainly construed in terms of material wealth and possessions. As a consumer nation, it exhibit one sided apprehension of labour. That is in terms of immediate gain, instant wealth and material success. Sweat, hard work and in the flesh(predicate) sacrifice have been sacrificed at the altar of laziness, cheap labour, instant gain and consumerism.Okolo(199411) posited that people of consumer society generally manifest low enthusiasm or cargo area for high values such as patriotism, love of truth, honesty To labour or sacrifice for these spiritual goods or think of them important is hardly worthwhile for them. In the educational sector, a lot of people read in order to obtain mere certificate, what is referred to as certificate education. They construe education in terms of its material relevance. Knowledge in the strict sense, for broadening ones horizon, understanding and conquering ones environment is not for them.They seek for certificate education in order to gain affluence and wealth through influence and high positions in the society. They struggle in order to manifest supremacy in wealth and what it can buy. Success and social progress are defined by them in terms of material prosperity and eruditeness. Russell (197538) in his own part described the military position thus, but what typical modern man desires to get with it is more money, with a view to ostentation, splendour and the outshining of those who have hitherto been his equals. It is clear that the quest for instant wealth and material acquisition is the root cause of the societal ills. All that matters for Nigerian is naira accumulation, the means not withstanding. Consequently, it is no longer news that there is so more than robbery, kidnapping, prostitution, human trafficking, embezzlement and all sorts of fraudulent practices in the nation. The hardship in the country notwithstanding, the syndrome for quick money and over night success is a pointer to squandermania mentality. The search for immediate wealth makes the Nigerian to ho ld tenaciously to power and authority.Conspicuous consumption will lead us to nothing but a consumer nation. Whereby, we spend more than we produce, consequently leading to many inefficiency or disequilibrium in the economy. CONS OF CONSUMER CONSCIOUSNESS The cumulative effect of it will lead to enlargement of his tastes, a change in his life style, in his social values and outlook in life. The person will define his social importance in terms of wealth acquisition and display, then, the type of home he lives in, property acquired and social entertainment held.So, the attitude of wasteful or unproductive spending and wealth exhibitionism will be high in the individual. Conspicuous consumption is one of the root causes of bribery and corruption, armed robbery, prostitution, smuggling, and drug trafficking. Faced by the huge financial demands which they can not meet by honest living, they land themselves in the aforementioned ills. Consumer consciousness channels all our resources fro m working to leisure and from investment to unnecessary consumption. Many a time offices and markets are closed to give the dead a so-called befitting burial.The time we spent in long wake keeping ceremonies, man and wife ceremonies, housing warning ceremonies, etc, is spent by the Whiteman in his library or laboratory researching on how to develop the machinery he will export later. The money we spend on those occasions is spent by him in taking a balanced diet and investing in meaningful businesses. It has destroyed the value establishment of our society. The peoples outlook on things is mainly from viewpoint of the consumable value and the material worth. In the developed countries, the most noble and masters are the researchers, the inventors, the statesmen, great philanthropists.In our society the statusquo are mostly the number of cars, the type buildings, the rowdiness of parties, etc. It is not surprise today that many young people indulge in different foul game in order t o make money quick. Squandermania mentality makes us to be more dependent on the industrialize nations. It discourages patronage of our native goods. It is not shocking that most of the drugs, food stuffs, scientific equipments and all sorts of manufactured and consumer good are not produced locally. This has stultifying effects on the fictive and imaginative powers of the individual. By being dependent on other nations we enslave ourselves.It makes Nigerian to be imitators instead of competitors with other nations. Since we end up in imitating and reproducing, we escape originality, self transcendence, creativity and self reliance. More so, it vitiates the development of education, science and technology. Today, young people construe education in terms of material gain. Whereby, they end up in certificate education. People are not concerned with the qualitative functional education, which will help them conquer and transform their environment. Instead are arouse in certificate education which guarantees them position of influence in the society.In fact, conspicuous consumption has adverse effect on moral, economic, developmental and political facets of the society. It reinforces wrong values, leads to exportation of wealth, encourages social vices, hampers productivity, and slows down the rate of economic development. We devote too much time in consuming than in producing. Since we have seen that the gestalt of our problem is squandermania in outlook, then, what shall we do PANACEA What Nigerian need is a new awareness of self, a novel sense of dignity and altogether new life and value system. This new ideology should make value to be more qualitatively rather than to have more.That is to live more qualitative life instead of quantitative life. information is vital instrument through which these values can be inculcated. Nigeria needs to imbibe the value of self-discipline. He must be ready to restrain his unholy desires, goals and ambitious which he g enerally views in materialist terms. In quest to have more, display more, enjoy more, the Nigerian has lost sense of self discipline in quest for naira and what it can purchase. Thus, it through self discipline, the nation can manage her resources judiciously. Our society should cultivate the spirit of working for the universal good.For no society of human beings is possible without what binds them together, what they strive after together. Thus, common good is the good of the members of the society. If, we think of those things which make up the society as a whole, squandermanianism will be a forgotten issue. Management of our resources, time and talents well is a necessary condition. Foolish people waste their money, whilst wise people invest their money and are called investors. In order to shun squandermania mentality the Nigerian must cultivate pragmatic spirit. This imbues him with the mind to discover or invent and to be creative.This is attitude of sacrifice, self-dedication and labour. For consumer mentality radically weakens the will and people to put pleasure before business, sweet before sweat. More so, let us spend less time and money in celebrations, so as to have more money for the investment and time for working. It is by patronizing our locally made goods, can we encourage our local industries. cobblers last It is high time we admit that there is more to life than money, therefore, should focus not just on money wasting, but on general well-being.Studies have shown that those who are high in materialistic orientations are lower in levels of life satisfaction. Squandermania is a public enemy that should be stamped out of our society. It fails to satisfy men whose nature clamours for higher, more lasting values. We should aim at minimizing the traditional pursuit of wealth, conspicuous consumption and the acquisition of possessions and the attainment of status. Let us aspire to be more rather than to possess more. May all hands be on deck in or der to bring to an end the inflicted wound of wasteful living.

Margaret Atwood Essay

I came across the inverted comma Context is all or is it ripeness? One or the other1 when reading Margaret Atwoods novel The handmaids Tale for English. I didnt give it much attention, because since I was 12, I had come to the shutdown that there was no such thing as a fact and e truly thought depended on other factors for it to be true. However in this essay Im going to see if my true assumption was true or if there is a way to reach a law by dint of unlike branches of knowledge.Im going to take the definition of rightfulness from the dictionary, solely to have a base for which to compare the rest of the essay to A verified or indisputable fact, proposition, principle2.Which sum that that there are facts that are backed by evidence, such as it is 1424 (at the cadence of writing). However in this case we lowlife apply Atwoods context of use is all, and change it to context is location, as this scenario isnt necessarily true, seeing that in Sydney the time is 2225, therefore the true statement can be considered carnal knowledge.Relativism is a doctrine where there is no absolute truth that truth is ceaselessly relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture3. Which brings up a paradox as if someone were to say context is irrelevant meaning the truth would remain a truth in every situation, it would contradict themselves, as that statement would be relative depending on the context.Francis Bacons Empiricism or otherwise known perception, is the process of arriving at the truth by heart and soul of sense experience.4 People use their five senses to arrive at a truth, however depending on the context, the lead same senses can make that truth false. An example that happens to me frequently is when I look at a shirt, to me it looks black, but then when I put it under a stronger light and look at it guardedly it often turns out to be dark blue.It doesnt mean the senses are faulty or cant be trusted, but the observation truth, arrived from the use of perception, isnt congruent when the context is changed. Another very bizarre example that happened to me last year when I bought my new phone is before purchasing it, I didnt know of anybody that had one, but as soon as I had it in my pocket I started realising that a lot of people around me had it as well.Language is the use of characters, symbols, images and sounds as a means of communicating a message.5 We assume that language is a truth, as we have a general consensus of the different characters, symbols, images and sounds in language. However once again the truth is challenged with the context is all axiom, where in certain cases the truth behind language doesnt stand. My father told me the following example when Vice-President Richard Nixon, at the end of the 1950s was see Colombia, he used the commonly known OK hand sign, denoted with a circle formed by the thumb and the first finger, with the remaining three fingers outstretched, to which the Colombian people, thought they were being called assholes.Rene Descartes Rationalism is the use of grounds, be it inductive or deductive to logically arrive at the truth.6 Descartes used reason to arrive at his famous Cogito Ergo Sum, I think therefore I am.7 He was asking the irresolution How do I know I exist ? and he derived by no more than reason that it all boiled down to I doubt that I exist, therefore I think, ergo I am.When I first heard this deduction, it seemed to me that it was flawless. However I remember looking around the room I was in at the time I realised that objects such as the chairs, tables and even trees to an extent, couldnt deduce their existence like Descartes did, therefore according to his deduction they wouldnt exist. Once again I came to the terminal that context will undermine truth.