Scythians in the Ancient World

Scythians -- a Greek designation -- were an ancient group of people from Central Eurasia distinguished from others of the area by their customs and their contact with their neighbors. There appear to have been several groups of Scythians, who were known to the Persians as Sakas. We dont know where each group lived, but they lived in the area from the Danube River to Mongolia on the East-West dimension and southward to the Iranian plateau. Where the Scythians Lived Nomadic, Indo-Iranian (a term that also covers inhabitants of the Iranian plateau and the Indus Valley [e.g., Persians and Indians]) horsemen, archers, and pastoralists, depicted wearing pointed hats and trousers, the Scythians lived in the Steppes northeast of the Black Sea, from the 7th-3rd century B.C. Scythia also refers to a region from the Ukraine and Russia (where archaeologists have unearthed Scythian burial mounds) into Central Asia. Eurasian Map showing Steppe tribes, including SythiansRelated map showing location in Asia, as well The Scythians are closely associated with horses (and the Huns). [The 21st-century movie Attila showed a starving boy drinking the blood of his horse to stay alive. However much this might be Hollywood license, it conveys the essential, survival bond between the steppe nomads and their horses.] Ancient Names of the Scythians The greek epic poet Hesiod called the northern tribes hippemolgi mare milkers.The Greek historian Herodotus refers to the European Scythians as Scythians and the eastern ones as Sacae. Beyond the Scythians and other Steppe tribes was supposed to be Apollos sometimes home, among the Hyperboreans.The name Scythians and Sacae applied to themselves was Skudat archer.Later, the Scythians were sometimes called Getae.The Persians also called the Scythians Sakai. According to Richard N. Frye (The Heritage of Central Asia; 2007) of these, there wereSaka HaumavargaSaka Paradraya (beyond the sea or river)Saka Tigrakhauda (pointed hats)Saka para Sugdam (beyond Sogdiana)Scythians, who attacked the kingdom of Urartu in Armenia, were called Ashguzai or Ishguzai by the Assyrians. The Scythians may have been the Biblical Ashkenaz. Legendary Origins of the Scythians A rightly skeptical Herodotus says the Scythians claimed the first man to exist in the region -- at a time when it was desert and about a millennium before Darius of Persia -- was named Targitaos. Targitaos was the son of Zeus and the daughter of the river Borysthenes. He had three sons from whom the tribes of the Scythians sprang.Another legend Herodotus reports connects the Scythians with Hercules and Echidna. Tribes of the Scythians Herodotus IV.6 lists the 4 tribes of the Scythians: From Leipoxais sprang the Scythians of the race called Auchatae;from Arpoxais, the middle brother, those known as the Catiari and Traspians;from Colaxais, the youngest, the Royal Scythians, or Paralatae.All together they are named Scoloti, after one of their kings: the Greeks, however, call them Scythians. The Scythians are also divided into: Sacae,Massagetae (may mean strong Getae),Cimmerians, andGetae. The Appeal of the Scythians The Scythians are connected with a variety of customs that interest modern people, including the use of hallucinogenic drugs, fabulous gold treasures, and cannibalism [see Cannibalism in ancient myth]. They have been popular as the noble savage from the 4th century B.C. Ancient writers eulogized the Scythians as more virtuous, hardy, and chaste than their civilized contemporaries. Sources The Scythians, by Jona Lendering.The Scythian Domination in Western Asia: Its Record in History, Scripture, and Archaeology, by E. D. Phillips World Archaeology. 1972.The Scythian: His Rise and Fall, by James William Johnson. Journal of the History of Ideas. 1959 University of Pennsylvania Press.The Scythians: Invading Hordes from the Russian Steppes, by Edwin Yamauchi. The Biblical Archaeologist. 1983.

Production And Operations Management A Product Is...

The focus of any business is to provide needs of customer by providing military and supplies, and in this procedure generate value for customers and solve their trouble. Production and operations management talks about applying big business association and management concepts in formation of supplies and military (1). PRODUCT: A product is defined as the thing offered for deal. A product can be a facility or an item. It can be material or in virtual form. Every product is made with some particular cost and each is sold at a price. The price depends on the quality, marketing etc (2). Product can be different object for different people like for customer product is mix of utilities because customer expects some uses from product. For†¦show more content†¦It is that action where by resources, flowing within a defined arrangement, are joint and changed in a controlled manner to add value in according to the policy communicated by management. It does not activate in separation from the other organization system. There exists a feedback about the performance, which is necessary to manage and improve performance of the system. (Schematic production system) CLASIFICATION OF PRODUCTION SYETEM 1. Job-shop production: Job-shop production is used to manufacturing of one or more quantity of any product which is designed and created as per requirement of particular customers within prefixed period and cost. 2. Batch production: Batch production is used to produce limited numbers of products in regular interval. In this type of production job passes through different batches and each lot have different direction. 3. Mass production: Mass production is used to produce very large quantity of product of same configuration. In this production parts produce continuously with short cycle time of production. 4. Continuous production: In continuous production services are arranged as particular cycle of production operations from first to finished product. In this type of production products are made to flow through different conveyors (4). MANAGEMENT: Management is defined as perfect combination of art and science of accomplishment science of accomplishment things completed by the public, by organizing, coordinating,

Jourody Journey of Homers Odyssey, Joyces Ulysses and...

The Journey of Homers Odyssey, Joyces Ulysses and Walcotts Omeros This essay explores how the theme of the journey, pervasive in Homers Odyssey, find expression in James Joyces Ulysses (1922) and Derrick Walcotts Omeros (1990), epics written in very different historical periods. Common to all three epics is a plot structure that involves a protagonist who longs for home but who must first endure a life-altering change before he returns. The theme of the journey provokes an image of both a natural and spiritual quest occurring simultaneously, both significantly viable because each passage contributes equally to the manifestation of the maturing male identity. Homers Odyssey, captures the essence of the†¦show more content†¦The gods concoct a plan that makes a liaison between the goddess of lust, Kirke, and Odysseus that encourages his transformation into a mature mortal man. James Joyces Ulysses captures the essence of the journey by juxtaposing Leopold Blooms day travels in Dublins shanty town against the psycho-neurotic journey of his conscious state, as he negotiates his frustrations about Mollys liaison with Blazes Boylan. Like Odysseus, Bloom inevitably returns home but not before he encounters the demons that make him subservient and which force his tolerating Mollys behavior. Blooms internal journey makes his austere and subordinate disposition self-respecting and whole. A transgression with a prostitute in a brothel provides Bloom with the experience he needs to ready his return home to Molly. Leopold Bloom lives, in exile from Jerusalem, in Ireland with his wife Molly. Bloom an advertising salesman and Molly a singer, the couple had a son, Rudy, who died eleven years ago. Neither Bloom nor Molly cope adequately after the loss of their child but make attempts to recover. Bloom seeks another son, a desire that manifests in hallucinations about childbirth. Bloom projects his desire onto Stephen Dedalus, a young Irish school teacher. Stephen himself desires a new father, unlike his real one, Simon Dedalus, who he deems to be wholly incompetent and untrustworthy. Molly attempts to recuperate from Rudys death by withdrawing from

Final Exam Mba 503 Essay Example For Students

Final Exam Mba 503 Essay Final Exam The exam is an individual effort and should not be discussed with others. Send your completed exam to your assignment folder by the last day of class. The purpose of the exam is to demonstrate your understanding of both written and discussion materials presented in this course. If you have any questions concerning this exam, please send me an e-mail. I will remove your name and post the question and response in the main news group. The test is composed of 30 T/F questions worth 2 points each for a total of 60 points, 5 multiple choice worth 2 points each for a total of 10 points, two short answer questions worth 15 points each. Good Luck! The following are True / False (T/F). Please answer with a T or an F. If you are not sure about a question and feel that it could be ambiguous, please put a brief explanation to justify your answer. Put your answer on the excel answer sheet, answers not submitted with your answer sheet will not be considered. You may do this on up to 2 T/F problems for partial credit, if you attempt to justify more than 2, I will not give you any credit for your justifications. Your justification must be supported by a reasonable position. ) The internet has had not impact on financial service firms such as Meryl Lynch and Morgan Stanley F 2) The Federal Reserve is governed by the presidents of the world’s 10 largest banks. F 3) A sole proprietorship is taxed the same as a corporation or LLC. F 4) Working capital is the same as cash in the bank. F 5) Depreciation expense is a non-cash item. T 6) The book value and the market value of a stock are always the same number. F 7) The term s â€Å"merger,† â€Å"consolidation,† and â€Å"restructuring† all mean the same thing. F ) The job of an auditor in a normal financial statement audit is to determine if there is any fraud present. F 9) Zero coupon bonds be issued by any type of entity that has the ability to issue bonds. T 10) There are 13 significant ratios in financial accounting. F 11) There are no differences between tax and financial income. F 12) Extraordinary items are items that are both infrequent in occurrence and unusual in nature. T 13) Proforma financial statements are a very accurate gage of a businesses future income. F 14) The components of fixed and variable costs are typically the same items. F 15) If airlines sold paint, it would much cheaper than at Home Depot or Lowes. F 16) Break even analysis is a useful tool for both large and small businesses. T 17) Seasonal fluctuations can have a dramatic impact on working capital. T 18) Financial leverage is good to have in a business because the more debt, the better off financially a business is. F 19) An individual conducting a sole proprietorship files Schedule C of Form 1040, a partnership files Form 1065, a regular (C) corporation files Form 1120, and an S corporation files Form 1120S. T 20) Tax incentives are the same in every state. F 21) The use of float is an illegal system to maximize cash balances. F 22) Under Check 21, the banks now clear checks must faster. T 23) The 5 Cs of credit are character, capital, capacity, conditions, and collateral. F 24) The average collection period is the A/R divided by the average daily credit sales. F 25) Just in Time inventory management was developed by Ford Motor Company. T 26) Cumulative voting rights allow you to skip an election and vote more than once in the next election. F 7) Poison Pills are effective means to reduce the likelihood of a hostile takeover. T 28) Cumulative preferred dividends are paid first after the bond holders and before any common stock dividends have been paid. T 29) In today’s economic market, borrowing from a bank represents the lowest cost of capital to an organization. T 30) The real rate of return calculation includes a component for current inflation. T Please select the best answer in each problem. If you are not sure about a question and feel that it could be ambiguous, please put a brief explanation to justify your answer. Agriculture EssayAdjustments to determine cash flow from operating activities: Add back depreciation($50,000) Increase in accounts receivable($50,000) Increase in inventory($20,000) Decrease in prepaid expenses$20,000 Increase in accounts payable$190,000 Decrease in accrued expenses$(20,000) Total adjustments$270,000 Net cash flows from operating activities$430,000 Cash flows from investing activities: *Increase in investments (long-term)$110,000 Increase in property($400,000) Net cash flow from investing activities($290,000) Cash flows from financing activities: Increase in bonds payable$50,000 Preferred stock dividends paid($10,000) Common stock dividends paid($50,000) Net cash flows from financing activities($10,000) - Net increase in cash flows$130,000 (430000-290000-10000) Note: *the increase in investments was calculated from the difference of the Total assets (actual) versus total assets (stated) in the problem. Example, the total assets is stated as $1,910,000 for BOY whereas the actual calculated value is $1,830,000. The difference of $80,000 comes from the long term investment.